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Corn feeding pigs pay attention
Corn is a common feed ingredient for pigs, but it should not be used alone. Feeding pigs with pure corn requires about 6 kilograms of corn to produce just 1 kilogram of weight gain. In contrast, using compound feed—especially one that contains 2.5 to 3 kilograms of corn per kilogram of weight gain—can significantly improve feed efficiency and reduce costs.
Another effective practice is to feed corn after saccharification. When corn flour is treated with hot water and allowed to ferment slightly, some of the starch converts into sugar, making the feed more palatable and easier for pigs to digest. The process involves mixing corn flour with twice its volume in hot water, stirring it into a paste, and then covering it with a 5 cm layer of dry powder. After 3 to 4 hours, the mixture becomes saccharified and ready for use.
Because corn has low protein content and poor amino acid balance, it’s important to supplement the diet with high-quality protein sources. Adding 15% soybean or rapeseed meal to the feed can help meet the pigs’ protein needs. For piglets, including 5% fish meal can further support their growth and development.
Minerals are also essential when feeding corn-based diets. Corn is naturally low in calcium, phosphorus, and trace minerals like selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. To ensure balanced nutrition, these minerals should be added through supplements such as bone meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, or mineral premixes.
Vitamins are another critical component. Corn lacks sufficient levels of vitamins A, D, E, and B-complex. To compensate, green feeds like fresh grass or leafy vegetables should be included in the diet. If green feed isn’t available, vitamin premixes can be added to the feed to prevent deficiencies.
It's important to note that once corn is crushed, it shouldn't be stored for long periods. Crushed corn has a higher fat content, which makes it prone to rancidity. Ideally, it should be used within 10 to 15 days, especially during warmer months when spoilage occurs faster.
Before feeding, soaking the corn can improve digestibility. Soaking helps the kernels absorb water, expand, and soften, making them easier for pigs to chew and digest. The method is simple: mix corn flour with 1 to 1.5 times its volume in water and let it soak for at least 2 hours before feeding.
By following these practices, farmers can maximize the nutritional value of corn while ensuring the health and growth of their pigs.