Abstract: This article mainly introduces the brief development of lasers and the characteristics of medical lasers. The mechanism of laser treatment is expounded, and the application of laser technology in various medical fields is further described. According to the medical requirements of laser, it is predicted that laser medicine will have greater development. Finally, the application prospects of high power lasers are given. Foreword Laser is an artificial special light. It is the same as ordinary light and sunlight. However, its mechanism of production is different. It is the light that is excited by the atom in the working substance. All the light in the beam has a high single. Color, high directivity, high brightness and good coherence. In the medical aspect, it mainly uses the characteristics of high brightness and high directivity of the laser. The laser controls the size of the focused spot through the lens and changes the power density, so that the temperature at a certain point of the human body can reach 200°C-1000°C at a very short time. (10-2-10-3 seconds) The diseased tissue is coagulated, decomposed, and melted and vaporized. For example, at the output end of the CO2 laser, the focused spot can be less than 0 1 mm, and the movable surgical blade can be used to replace the traditional surgical scalpel to vaporize and cut various soft and hard lesions of the human body, and the precision is high, the wound is small, and the fusion is ready. Basically painless, sterile, and less bleeding. It is also possible to select lasers of different wavelengths according to the needs, adjust the size of the spot, cover the human lesion area for irradiation, penetrate into different depths for treatment, or, in cooperation with a computer and X-ray equipment, introduce the laser light into the diseased organ through the optical fiber. Treat, etc. At present, laser has carried out clinical medical treatment in the heart, cancer, eyes, ears, nose, pharynx, teeth, skin, gynecology, orthopedics and beauty, forming a new branch of medicine - laser medicine. At the same time, the design and manufacture of various types of laser medical system equipment are also improving day by day, and further promote the development of laser medical care in various medical specialties. According to the characteristics of laser treatment, the key to ensuring the correct implementation of the treatment plan is the doctor's careful preparation before treatment and careful operation in the treatment process to be successful. First, the laser treatment mechanism Laser treatment of various effects on the body of the light, due to the high intensity of the laser, he will produce strong thermal effects, photochemical reactions, light pressure and electromagnetic fields, according to these effects can be used for various clinical treatments. (1) Laser Thermal Effect High-power laser can weld high-melting materials and cut metal plates, so cutting human muscles and skin is of course a matter of course. Focusing a 100 watt continuous laser with an optical lens, it can reach a temperature of 1000 degrees in 0.1 seconds, causing the muscle tissue to vaporize in an instant. When the focused spot is reduced to the order of micrometers, the laser beam is equivalent to a light knife and can perform various cutting operations. When the laser is used for physical therapy, its low-temperature thermal effect can play a role in reducing inflammation, relieving pain and regulating body functions. (2) Photochemical reaction The absorption of laser light by biological organisms is the decomposition of certain macromolecules in the cell and the loss of regenerative function. The human extract contains a large amount of various pigments, which selectively absorbs the laser and produces a photochemical reaction. For example, a large amount of melanin particles are contained between the cytoplasm and cells, absorb a certain wavelength of laser light and generate a photochemical reaction, thereby destroying the entire cell. If these cells are diseased tissues, laser irradiation becomes effective in inhibiting or eradicating the diseased tissue. In medical treatment, it is always hoped that the diseased tissue can be destroyed by a large amount of laser absorption, but has no effect on normal tissues. (3) Photo-pressure It is common knowledge that light has pressure, but the pressure of ordinary light sources is small and not perceived by people. However, the intensity of the light generated by a strong laser, especially a strong pulsed laser, is obvious. When the laser is blocked by a metal plate or cardboard, the sound of the laser light can be heard, and sometimes a slight piece of paper can be vibrated. It has been experimentally proved that if the laser energy density reaches 71080 W/cm2, the resulting light pressure is about 3.4 dynes/cm2, which is equivalent to 3.4 • 10 atmospheres. This pressure is not negligible in human tissue, it will cause the body's local tissue to expand, deform and so on. (4) Electromagnetic field effect Magnetic therapy is now well known. Magnetic therapy relies on magnetic fields. The atoms and molecules of human cells are constructed according to certain structures and laws. If a large number of internal structures are distorted due to certain lesions or injuries, cells will become The function is impeded and the human body feels uncomfortable. Electromagnetic fields can polarize molecules and atoms to correct distortion. The alternating field can also cause excitation and vibration of atoms and molecules to restore the vitality of cells. Second, the application of laser technology in a variety of medical applications (a) light blood test and anesthesia Blood tests are one of the commonly used diagnostic methods before treating patients. The traditional method is blood test, which is time consuming and inaccurate. Scientists at Sandia National Laboratories recently invented a laser-measured blood cell morphology instrument that measures multiple data from bleeding cells in a matter of minutes. The instrument is only the size of a stamp, which can produce thousands of ultra-fine lasers. The lower part of the laser emitter is placed with a thin tube of blood sample with a diameter of only 1/10 of the hair, and a laser sensor around the blood sample tube irradiated by thousands of lasers. The laser light reflected and refracted by the blood cells is collected and converted into electrical signals for input into a portable computer. The computer displays images of the synthesized blood cells based on these signals, and measures accurate data of a large number of blood cells. In the past, hospitals have long been afraid of injections and injections of anesthetics, as well as discarded needles. In recent years, American researchers have developed a painless micro-laser anesthesia device with a red laser pulse on the upper layer of the patient's skin. Burn a small hole 2 mm in diameter and 20 micron in diameter on the epidermis, without hurting the nerve tissue, without any pain. Directly enter the body with a liquid anesthetic such as lidocaine. The skin is completely anesthetized within 3 minutes. Tissue can be anesthetized at a depth of 25 cm within 6 minutes. This new injection and anesthesia method is very popular with healthcare and patients. (two) laser eye disease treatment Lasers were first used in ophthalmic medical applications since 1961. For example, the senile cataract is caused by a cloud-like membrane on the surface of the transparent crystal of the eyeball. The traditional medical method is to replace the crystal, and the patient's cornea or artificial cornea transplantation is used to make the patient see the light again. Now using low-power infrared laser irradiation, it can quickly vaporize and peel off a layer of cloud-like membrane to restore transparent crystals and restore vision. For example, the symptoms of glaucoma are blocked by flowing liquid channels in the eye, and the internal hydraulic pressure is too large, which may damage the optic nerve. Causes blurred vision blindness, and now laser gasification method with appropriate wavelength and energy can open a micro channel to make the liquid in the eye flow and restore vision; if the retina is detached, it can also be injected from the pupil with a very fine laser beam. In the eye, the cells and proteins in the lesion are melted into a colloidal shape, thereby re-welding the retina to the fundus and restoring normal vision. The above three laser treatments have been clinically applied in advanced countries in the 1980s. In recent years, countries such as Europe and the United States have made new progress in correcting myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism with lasers. For example, myopia is caused by corneal bulge or eyeball is too long. As a result, the light is focused and imaged before the retina. The laser is used to “scratch†the convex part of the cornea to restore the light image to the retina. For the hyperopic eye, the center of the cornea is too Flat, so that the light is focused behind the retina, which uses laser to remove the surrounding tissue of the cornea, the central part is relatively convex, and the image is just above the retina; for the astigmatic eye, the incident light is irregular in all directions due to some fine concave and convex structure on the surface of the cornea. The deflection causes a clear image with strong contrast to be formed on the retina, so that the laser is used to "flatten" the cornea to restore vision. Now the ophthalmologist's conventional instrument is a contact lens placed on the eye, or a seat lens, to examine the internal condition of the patient's eyes from the outside. This is only a preliminary understanding. According to the latest foreign report: Recently, a new type of eye endoscope was developed by the Ontario College of Ophthalmology, Canada. Its volume is less than 1/3 mm in diameter, with a miniature digital camera and monitor. The doctor passes the speculum through the eye. A detailed understanding of the condition of the eye in the eye. The mirror has three sets of fibers, one is the observation fiber, the speculum image is sent to the camera, and displayed by the monitor; the second is to provide a strong or halogen fiber to "illuminate" the inside of the eye; the third is a special empty tube to transport the laser, For the treatment of intraocular diseases. The speculum is taken out after surgery, leaving a small hole, which can also be healed by laser. This is a special equipment that integrates inspection, treatment and repair of various eye diseases.
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At present, research on the mechanism of laser treatment needs to be further studied, and medical experts and laser experts are needed to discuss these issues.