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During the winter cultivation of cultivation facilities and time, the growth period of kidney beans is all in the cold winter season. Therefore, the cultivation facilities used must have good insulation properties. Currently, only sunlight greenhouses with good performance can meet the above criteria. The sowing time should be determined according to the facility's heat preservation, lighting condition, cultivation and management level, planting and irrigation, and the requirement of time. The seeds can be sown from late August to early October. Early sowing yield is high, but the benefits are general. If the solar greenhouse heat preservation and lighting conditions are good and the management level is high, it can be broadcasted in due time and listed before the Spring Festival to improve economic efficiency.
2. When the variety is selected for wintering cultivation of kidney bean, it is better to choose less branches, medium-maturity lobular type, early maturing varieties, commonly used varieties such as one-foot-green, lotus-feng (623), green-rich 1, and old and young.
3, seed treatment before sowing, we must choose full, pure new seeds. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and promote the robustness of seedlings, chemical treatment should be carried out. Common methods are:
3.1 Soaking with 0.1% formalin solution or 50% seedzinc 200 times solution, rinse with water and sow. It can prevent the occurrence of anthrax.
3.2 The use of 50% carbendazim WP 5 g seed dressing 1 kg can prevent the occurrence of blight.
3.3 Soaking seed with 0.08-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution can make the seedlings robust, and the rhizobia increase. The ammonium molybdate solution should be used. The ammonium molybdate should be dissolved with a small amount of hot water and then diluted with cold water. Concentration, then put the seeds into the bubble for 1 hour, rinse with water and sow.
4. After the fertilization before site preparation, the dead leaves of the stubble should be promptly removed and poured once. For 2-3 days in the tan, apply 4500-6000 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare, 750 kg of superphosphate, deepen 25-30 cm deep, dry for 5-7 days, and make it flat, high or medium. The younger sister-in-law, the width of 1-1.2 meters.
5, seed sowing every 2 lines, spacing 50-60 cm. According to the hole 25-30 cm to open the hole, the depth of 3-4 cm hole, pouring enough water in the hole, the water infiltration after sowing each hole 3-4 seeds, covering about 2 cm. Do not sow the seeds in water or overburden them to prevent them from sowing. When conditions permit, it can cover the film before sowing. And according to the distance between the hole with a blade cut into a cross on the film, open hole sowing, after sowing the cross-shaped plastic film mouth to restore in situ, and press a little fine soil. After the seedlings are unearthed, the plastic film around the seedling holes will be sealed in time to prevent steam under the membrane from steaming the seedlings. In order not to affect the air circulation and light transmission in the bean pods, reduce the number of falling flowers and pods, and increase the yield of kidney beans, it can be intercropped with other dwarf leaflets. 1-2 pod beans can be used as a dwarf leaflet dish.
6, field management
6.1 Miao Miao: After the cotyledon of the bean is unfolded, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time. It is one of the key measures to improve the yield of bean seedlings.
6.2 Watering: When enough seeds are planted at the end of the planting stage, from seeding and emergence to sitting on the first flowering seedlings, several times of cultivating tillage will be carried out to promote the root system, and the leaves will grow robustly to prevent leggy growth. In the event of drought, it can be watered once before pumping vines, and cultivating loose soil in time after watering. The first inflorescences of the kennel sit and begin to water, and later should ensure that there is a sufficient supply of water. Watering should pay attention to avoid flowering period, to prevent a large number of falling flowers, causing loss of production. When the external temperature of the membrane is high, it should be watered in the morning and evening. Before the membrane is exposed to low ambient temperature, water should be selected before noon on sunny days. After the watering, timely ventilation, exhaust moisture, prevent indoor condensation at night, causing disease. In winter, in order to prevent the ground water from being lowered by watering, watering should be minimized. Do not water the soil as long as the soil is moist. Generally, water is poured 1-2 times in November. When the temperature rises after February, the number of watering can be gradually increased.
6.3 top dressing. After each flower bud is sitting, combine 225-300 kg of ammonium sulfate or 50 kg of urea with each item of water for common use, apply 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or apply 15,000 kg of diluted human excrement. The future will be based on the growth of the plant when combined with pests and drugs. Foliar fertilizer can be used 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 ammonium molybdate, photosynthetic fertilizer, high efficiency phytoremediation, etc.; can play a role in improving the rate of sitting, increasing production and improving quality.
6.4 Control leggy: 3-4 true leaves of seedlings and foliar spray of 15 ppm paclobutrazol wettable powder solution can effectively prevent or control plant leggy and increase the rate of single plant infestation by 20%. If there is a phenomenon of leggy after the shed, spray the same concentration of paclobutrazol once again. Foliar application of 10ppm-25ppm naphthylacetate and 0.08 boric acid solution during flowering can prevent flowering and falling into the east.
6.5 hanging vines: when the plants began to pull vines, use nylon rope hanging vines, plants grow to near the top of the shed, can be vines, plate vines, extend the harvest period, increase production, fall vines should be removed before the old leaves And out of the shed, and then removed the stem of the old part of the vine along with hanging vine rope plate around the roots, so that the entire shed within the growth point of plant evenly distributed in a south-north high tilt.
6.6 Temperature Management: Solar greenhouses generally buckle plastic film in early October, and stay up late for ventilation within 7-10 days after film closure. With the decrease of the outside temperature, ventilation and ventilation time should be gradually reduced, but there should be a certain amount of ventilation at night to reduce the temperature and humidity of the shed. When the minimum temperature in the outside world drops to 13 degrees, the ventilation openings must be closed at night and only the top wind must be released. When the minimum temperature at night is lower than 10 degrees, the tuyere is closed, and ventilation is only performed during the day when the temperature is high. After the end of November, the grass will be covered on the membrane at night to prevent freezing and prolong the harvest period. The principle of post-membrane temperature management is: the daytime temperature is controlled at 18-20 degrees after emergence. Ventilation should be promptly above 25 degrees; control at 13-15 degrees at night. Flowering and poding period, daytime temperature should be maintained at 18-25 degrees at night. 15 degrees or so. Temperatures above 28 degrees and below 13 degrees can cause falling flowers. Pay special attention to avoid nighttime high temperatures.
7. During the overwintering cultivation, the price before New Year's Day and before the Spring Festival is the highest. Therefore, the harvest time should be concentrated on these two times. However, attention should also be paid to timely harvesting, avoiding harvesting too late, aging the pods, and reducing the quality of the products. .
Wintering Cultivation Technique of Kidney Bean
The wintering cultivation of kidney bean is a way of planting in the sunshine greenhouse in the autumn or early winter, and is listed on the New Year's Day or Spring Festival.