Turtle is a vertebrate phyla, reptilia, is a semi-water-based reptile, because of its high nutritional value, medicinal value, research value and ornamental nature, so it has a broad prospect in breeding. Gushi County Aquatic Products Bureau of Henan Province has a turtle farm and a turtle breeding test ground. Through several years of aquaculture practices, the “triple-rate†of aquaculture production has been greatly improved, ie egg production rate, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and fertility rate. It reaches 95% and the hatching rate reaches 96%. The turtle artificial breeding technology is summarized as follows: The organic tribute fruit wolfberry is 180-200 grain /50 grams.
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First, the choice of pro-Turtle Choosing a good pro-tortoise is the primary condition for increasing spawning rate, and the number and quality of pro-spawning eggs have a close relationship with their individual, age, and constitution. Generally selected as hypertrophic mature age of 3 years, weight of 500 grams or more, strong physical, non-disabled individuals as a turtle.
Identification of male and female turtles: Invertebrates generally exceed the age of sexual maturity, and there are significant differences between male and female individuals. Female individuals of the same age are larger than males; female turtle shells are generally brownish in color, while male turtle shells are mostly black or dark brown; female turtles are short and have a small base with male bases on the bottom of the turtle. Odor, male turtles have a special odor.
Proportion of pro-turtle: The stocking density of pro-turtle is generally 1 per square meter, and the stocking rate per mu is 600-700, and the ratio of male to female is 80:20.
Second, the establishment of turtle farms
1. Pro-Turtle Pool Layout The pro-Turtle Pool is east-west oriented and the cement structure should be built in a place with sufficient water, clean, pollution-free, convenient irrigation and drainage, a secluded environment, and a widening sunny area, in order to adapt to the living habits and reproductive environment of the pro-turtle. The depth of pool water is maintained between 1.0 and 1.5 meters. The thickness of mud in the bottom of the pond is about 20 centimeters. There is a spawning ground and a feed station in the pool.
2. The Spawning Ground Design The spawning ground is also a resting place for turtles. It is also east-west in the water. It is about 2.0 meters from the east or west end of the pro-turtle pool in order to take the springboard to feed and pick eggs. Above the spawning ground, there are useful pillars to prop up the awnings and show pavilions. The spawning ground is 15.0 meters long and 4.0 meters wide. Except for the north vertical, the remaining three sides are inclined at a 30-degree angle to the ground to extend the slope approximately 30.0 cm below the surface of the water. Four sides are filled with mud and covered with a layer of thick. 30.0 centimeters of mud (50% of the mud), the feed station is located at the junction of the slope water level.
Third, the management of turtle farms
1. Intimate turtle breeding Strengthen turtle breeding is the key to improving the fertilization rate and hatching of turtle eggs. According to the requirements of the development and reproduction of turtles, the appropriate feed conditions should be selected to fully meet the needs of turtle nutrition. Mainly feed animal feedstuffs with high protein content, such as small trash fish, snail meat, and livestock waste, with a little vitamin-rich plant feed such as wheat, corn flour, lettuce, and aquatic plants to promote turtles Development and reproduction. In the feeding of feed must be done to the "four set" principle (timing, qualitative, quantitative, positioning).
2. Regulation of water quality During the pro-breeding season, the pool water depth is maintained at about 1.2 meters, and the pool water is light green and the main transparent bowl is 40.0 cm. However, the pool water is not too thin. Because the pool water changes rapidly due to a large amount of feed, some filter-feeding fish can be stocked to improve the water quality. The PH value of the pool water should be kept between 7.5-8.5. Every 15 days, the whole pond should be sprinkled with lime solution once to adjust the pH of the water body.
3. Disease prevention and treatment must be strengthened to prevent and treat disease. Turtle should be thoroughly cleared before stocking; regular lime water should be spilled, and some antibiotics should be added to the feed to increase the resistance of the probiotics; to treat the wounded probiotics, separate treatment is required. Into the pool; do a good job of inspections to prevent disease invasion.
In the daily management, bell-shaped worms and blisters are prone to occur. The above-mentioned diseases should be promptly treated. In the case of blisters, copper sulfate 8 mg/L is used to dip the diseased turtles, and 2.5% of the same amount of salt can be used as a mixture of lime. , Do not use scorpions to hold water and hard to pull, so as not to cause damage to the turtle body; treatment of bell disease, 1.2 grams per cubic meter can be used -1.5 grams per cubic meter of copper sulfate Quanchiposa.
4. Collection of turtle eggs During the protozoa spawning season, it is necessary to inspect the ponds every morning and carefully check whether there are eggs in the spawning ground. If so, do not collect them immediately, but make a mark first. After 3 days, the eggs will appear small. White point before collection. The tools for collecting eggs generally use pots, and a layer of fine sand about one finger thick is laid on the pelvic floor. After a layer of fine sand is collected, a layer of fine sand is laid on top of the fine sand, which can be continuously placed 4 - 5 layers, then transfer to hatchery hatch. When collecting fertilized eggs, pay attention to the following points:
1. Collect eggs for more than 50 hours;
2, unfertilized, poor fertilization, malformation, etc.
3. When fertilized eggs are collected and arranged, one end (animal pole) with white spots should face upward.
V. Hatching of fertilized eggs
1. Preparation before hatching Incubation requires preparing some incubators. The length of the egg box is 1.0 meters, width is 50 centimeters, and depth is 20 centimeters. Transfer the collected fertilized eggs to the incubator in the special hatchery. Lay coarse gravel at a depth of about 10 cm on the bottom of the box to enhance the drainage performance of the hatchery bed. Lay out on the surface of gravel and coarse sand. Centimeters of earth. The eggs of the fertilized eggs were arranged closely and neatly. The fertilized eggs were covered with a thick layer of sand about 4 cm thick. The topmost full-sized fine sand was flush with the upper edge of the incubator.
2. Incubation degree and humidity requirement The optimum temperature during incubation should be controlled at a constant temperature of 30 degrees, no more than 34 degrees, no less than 25 degrees, and the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 80-82%. Under such conditions of temperature and humidity, fertilized eggs can hatch hatchlings in approximately 50 days. Temperature conditions can not be uneven, according to experience, the temperature is low, hatching time is extended, more hatchling hatchlings male.
3. During the incubation period, check the hatching room for ant and other hazards; check the humidity of the sand regularly every day; if the fine sand layer is dry, use a watering can to sprinkle water to keep the sand layer moist; regulate and control the humidity of the hatchery room; Ventilation and ventilation in a good incubation room; In the late stage of incubation, put a basin on the end of the incubator and coat the bottom with fine sand. The outside edge of the basin is flush with the fine sand so that hatched hatchlings can climb into the basin; When the hatchling hatchlings safely pass through the winter, the feeding and management of hatched hatchlings should be strengthened. After the umbilical cords of the hatchlings are completely collected, they should be placed in pots and small ponds. The pool should be half-sloped with water on one side and not on the other side. After hatching from the beach, hatchlings should use chopped fish or soft-shelled turtles for their diets. Generally, they feed the juvenile tortoises up to 6 grams to 8 grams before hibernation.
Sixth, artificial breeding precautions
1, before the turtle can not be directly into the water under the pool, but on the spawning ground, so that they climb into the water.
2, as a breeding turtle, can not be mixed with turtles who do not reach sexual maturity.
3, feed the turtle's feed should be added to a certain amount of vitamin E to prevent feed oxidative deterioration.
4. The turtle pool should be kept quiet during the spawning season.
5, probiotics after spawning also feed feed, strengthen production and management.
6. When the hatching occurs, the moist sand should be applied with cold water and sprayed evenly, and loosen the fine sand after 20 minutes.
(Gui Jin Song, Fishery Bureau, Gushi County, Henan Province)
The organic farming system makes the best use of the available resources in the regional agricultural system (plantations) to encourage and promote biological cycles within the farming system, including microorganisms, plants and animals, and to make full use of organic and nutrient elements within the closed system, and to avoid all possible pollution by farming techniques used in the system. Maintaining and improving the long-term fertility of the soil of the garden, and realizing the sustainable and scientific development of the garden.
The betaine contained in fatty liver and Lycium barbarum inhibited the deposition of fat in hepatocytes and promoted the regeneration of hepatocytes. At the same time, it can prevent liver dysfunction caused by carbon tetrachloride. Therefore, the Chinese wolfberry has definite protective effect on liver and fatty liver.
