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The main disease and its control of aquarium aquatic plants
Aquatic foot aquarium is an important part of the aquarium, more and more enthusiasts, but because many people know little about it, resulting in a variety of aquatic grass growth, severe branches and leaves yellow, and even root rot, affecting the aquarium effect. The symptoms, causes, and prevention and control measures of common aquarium aquatic herb diseases are summarized as follows: (a) Physiological diseases 1. Insufficient illumination The light intensity required for aquatic plants during growth and development varies from species to species. According to the characteristics of aquatic plants, the light intensity and illumination time should be appropriately enhanced (usually the light intensity of aquatic plants should be 2,000 to 3,000 lux, and the illumination time should be 10 hours), so as to avoid the normal growth of aquatic plants due to lack of light. 2. The water temperature is too high or too low. Most of the commercially available water grasslands are produced in tropical or subtropical areas. The optimum temperature for growth is between 20°C and 28°C. It is sensitive to low temperatures. Therefore, it is advisable to keep the normal aquarium water temperature at around 26°C. . 3. The prevention of malnutrition The key to aquatic weed malnutrition is prevention. In addition to burying the base fertilizer when planting aquatic plants, it is also necessary to regularly apply hydroponic fluid to the aquarium. The general dosage is: every week, 50 kilograms of water is used to apply hydroponic liquid fertilizer. 5 ml, not excessive, otherwise it will lead to aquatic plants due to excess nutrients, such as iron excess disease (leaf, veins were brown or black, and white spots, severe, the whole plant tissue disintegration) and so on. 4. Dehydration Phenomenon dehydration (burning) of aquatic plants is a physiological phenomenon, which is mainly due to excessive fertilization. Because the total concentration of ions in the water is higher than that of aquatic plants, water in the bodies of the plants will be extravasated, and dehydration will occur. When the disease was mild, the leaf shape became smaller and the young leaf curled. When the disease was severe, the leaves of the whole plant fell off and gradually rotted to death. Prevention and control: (1) Regular regular amount of forced fat should not be excessive. (2) When dehydration occurs, dilute it with water in time. 5. Medicine injury Generally, aquatic plants have lower tolerance to various sterilizing and bactericidal drugs than fish. Therefore, when removing algae or treating fish diseases, they often damage plants due to overdose. The method to avoid is to remove the fish and treat it with a cylinder. For the removal of algae, fish, shrimps, and shellfish should be used for algae removal. (b) Bacterial diseases 1. Rot rot rot is a disease caused by bacterial infection. The bacteria mainly infested the leaves of aquatic plants. In the initial stage, water-stained brown spots appeared on the leaves and then gradually became yellow. The leaves soon became transparent and quickly rotted, and finally they were fibrous in water. The main reason for this disease is that aquatic plants are in transit. Due to the rapid changes in temperature or pn value, the resistance of the plant body is reduced, and bacteria invade the infection. The water plants that have developed the disease will quickly spread to other healthy plants if they are not cleared in time. At present, there is no effective drug treatment for the disease. Once rot leaves have been found, they should be cut off immediately. The diseased plants should also be excavated and segregated with 0.2-0.5 g/m3 of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5 : 2) Disinfection can reduce the deterioration of the disease. The original aquarium is also best to add 0.2 g/m3 of this agent for sterilization. At the same time, the water temperature of the aquarium should be reduced to below 20°C to control the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria so as to reduce the incidence. 2. Water flea disease Water flea disease mainly occurs on leaves of aquatic ferns, such as iron crowns and black wood ferns. No other plants have emerged. The pathogen is also an infectious bacterium. At the beginning of the disease, the tip and leaf margin of aquatic plants showed translucent light brown patches, which gradually extended to the foliage and finally withered. When healthy plants come in contact with diseased plants, they are very susceptible to infection. The disease is prone to occur at high temperatures above 30°C or when the pH is too high. To control the disease, the diseased leaves should be cut off promptly, and the water temperature should be reduced to below 20°C. At the same time, care should be taken to enhance the disease resistance of the plants themselves. 3. Spikegrass Spikegrass is more prone to disease than other plants because of its weak disease resistance. The pathogen is a kind of bacteria. The leaf edge and tip of the susceptible plant showed translucent brownish patches and slowly dissolved in water. The cause of the disease is similar to that of rot disease. When the disease is severe, the entire leaf will “dissolve†and sometimes infect the surrounding plants. The measures to prevent this disease are enough to reduce the temperature of the water, change the water frequently, and at the same time remove the diseased leaves (or diseased plants) in time to reduce the pathogens. Because there are fish and other organisms in the aquarium, it should not be used for the treatment of aquatic plants. (3) Algae Disease Hazards Harmful algae are a major hazard in foot aquariums and are also the enemy of aquatic plants. They mainly adhere to the surface of aquatic plants, aquarium walls and filtration equipment. Not only does it seriously affect the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, it also reduces the ornamental value of aquatic plants. If it is not removed in time, it will cause greater damage to the aquarium. The cause of harmful algal blooms is the high nitrogen compounds in the water, corrupted sediment, and uneven light sources. Aquatic plants and algae belong to aquatic plants. Light, temperature and nutrient are the common growth factors of algae and aquatic plants. Canceling the light and changing the temperature will affect the growth of aquatic plants. To prevent the growth of algae without affecting the growth of aquatic plants, only make a contribution to the supply of nutrients. The rapid propagation of algae is inseparable from nitrogen and phosphorus. Strictly controlling the amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in aquatic aquariums can effectively control algal reproduction. In the prevention can do the following: (1) the use of high-quality fertilizer. Whether it is basal fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, it must be of good quality. (2) The bait should be of high quality and the amount of bait should be appropriate. The key to good quality of bait is that it is not possible to feed the fish too full, and that leftover baits do not occur. Excessive bait tends to accelerate the deterioration of water quality when it is decomposed. (3) Planting plants closely. The dense planting water itself has a large demand for light and nutrition, thereby inhibiting the growth of algae. (4) Mechanical removal. Seeing the growth of algae, especially some large filamentous algae, should be removed immediately. (5) Change the water regularly and timely to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the aquarium.