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The Causes of the Common Diseases of Rice Seedlings and Control Methods
1. Bacterial Blight (Yellow Blight) Bacterial blight is mainly related to seeding rate in the case of using a conditioner. Seeding rate of more than 300 grams per square meter, easy to get blight. Check the seedbed in the morning when the sun is not in sight. If there is a piece of seedling on the seedbed, although it is not yellow, but there is no bead, it means that the blight has already occurred. At this time, fighting the medicine can save it. If you wait until the yellow seedlings fight drugs, you can only control the disease. The following points are mainly related to blight: firstly, there are no water droplets or yellowish yellow on the tip of rice seedlings, followed by rooting and connecting the roots and stems to see the center of the stems. When it gets dark, it is blight. Blight often leaves the dead leaves earlier than the lower leaves. Once you have found a blight, you should fight it immediately. Second, bacterial wilt is also a form of blight, but bacterial wilt is mainly caused by improper management of the seedbed. In the seedling stage, the lack of ventilation, high bed temperature, and more watering caused rice seedlings to become leggy. As a result, the ministers on the ground were too large. The water supply capacity of the roots in the underground was less than the evaporation of shoots and leaves from the shoots. disease. The method of prevention and control is usually ventilation, early ventilation, and control of temperature and humidity. Do not ventilate under high temperature for large ventilation or watering at noon. Start small ventilation before going out in the morning or after the sun sets in the evening. Then slowly ventilate again to promote rice root growth and allow rice seedlings to adapt to the environment. If the combination of blue-green and dry-yellow occurs, it should be controlled in accordance with the method of anti-blow and it should also fight against blight. Third, burning seedlings here refers to a phenomenon caused by excessive fertilization. Excessive fertilization is often the whole bed or a piece of seedling emergence, not the emergence or emergence of needles after the beginning of the period is not long, the general root system is small, black, do not take root. As long as such seedlings are not subject to freezing damage, they are often watered during the day, they are uncovered, and then they are re-watered and then repeatedly peeled off. This allows the seedlings to wash off part of the fertilizer, promote rooting, and normal management of rice seedlings after the emergence of new roots. . Fourth, roast seedlings Roasted seedlings refers to the occurrence of rice stems and leaves yellow burning phenomenon. Most of the roasted seedlings occurred in the nursery bed and were covered with a flat plastic film. If the phenomenon of roasted seedlings does not easily destroy the seedlings, because the temperature of the soil is lower than the air temperature in the shed, sometimes the stems and leaves of the rice seedlings are roasted, but the growing point does not necessarily dies and can continue to grow. Therefore, as long as the growth point does not die, after 50 grams of ammonium sulfate and rooting agent per square meter, the temperature and humidity are guaranteed as much as possible after 30 degrees Celsius, and the growth of rice seedlings is promoted. After the rice seedlings grow 2 leaves, they begin to enter normal management. Although the seedlings that have been slowed down cannot grow seedlings, they are better than reseeding. Five, frozen seedlings before the emergence of general external temperature reached minus 4 °C under the circumstances, by plastic film and soil insulation performance will not cause frost damage, but after the emergence of seedlings, the greater the degree of damage caused by freezing, the more severe the damage of rice seedlings At the beginning, rice leaves turn into water-drenched thick green and turn yellow and white after sun exposure. When the temperature is expected to reach 0°C or below, watering on the first day can effectively reduce the occurrence of frost damage. After serious frost damage (no green leaves above ground), chase 50 grams of ammonium sulfate and rooting agent per square meter, ensure the temperature and humidity as much as possible at a temperature below 30°C, and promote new leaves of rice seedlings and rice seedlings. After 2 leaves are grown, they begin to enter normal management. When some leaves in the upper part are subjected to frost damage, they generally have little effect on the growth of rice seedlings. 6. When the top cover seedlings are covered with soil with high viscous or high organic matter content, the top seedlings will appear. When the top cover of rice seedlings appears, after the top cover is dry, the top cover soil is broken with wooden strips and other materials. Drench the water and allow the seedlings to emerge from the ground. Do not wait until the rice grows. Prevent top seedlings from being used to cover river sand or pour water before emergence. Seven, bacterial brown spots in the breeding process does not pay attention to ventilation, ventilation in the case of seedlings will be easy to cause the upper leaves of brown bacterial leaf spots. This disease is when the seedbed is ventilated, and the rice leaves are rubbed against each other and the resulting bacteria invade the wound. At this point in general do not fight drugs should strengthen ventilation management. VIII. Harmfulness Due to the different drugs used, the performance of phytotoxicity is also different and it is difficult to make it clear. However, at present, there are several kinds of eyebrow damage, such as in the case of a closed No. 1, from the tip of the first blade to the upper white, the first light leaves white, and the second is white. , Even the whole plant has turned white and died. When the phytotoxicity does not affect the growth of rice seedlings, ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the moisture of the seedbed and reduce the absorption of the seedlings. Some of the preparations used for growing seedlings contain a certain amount of controlled growth chlormechanisms. If the amount is large, the use is uneven, or the content of traditional Chinese medicines is large, the seedlings tend to grow slowly, sometimes the seedlings are short and the height of the seedlings is short. Equal deformity seedling phenomenon. Such seedlings can only adopt proper insulation and moisturizing methods to promote the growth of seedlings. Some peasant households accidentally used watering pots that had not been washed after the first year of playing closed crops. They often appeared seedlings, leaves, and other abnormal seedlings. There was no special solution for such seedlings. Farmers were asked to make a rice seedling watering pot. dedicated. Nine, polyphosphorus disease When applying phosphate fertilizer on the seedbed for a long time, the first leaf of the seedling began to turn brown. In severe cases, the tip of the second leaf also turns brown, but generally it has little effect on seedling growth. This seedbed should reduce the application of phosphate fertilizer.