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Silage Technology
Silage technology primarily addresses the challenges of concentrated rainwater during summer and autumn in the Beijing region, as well as issues related to storage difficulties and significant losses. Currently, the main silage methods include semi-dry silage, additive silage, and mixed silage techniques.
**Core Technology Content**
(1) Semi-dry silage is particularly suitable for the Beijing area between May and August, when the weather is clear. The process involves drying the forage in the field for 10–12 hours before ensiling. This method helps reduce moisture content, making it easier to store and minimizing spoilage.
(2) Additive silage is an effective approach to minimize earthworm loss during the rainy season in northern regions. It can also shorten the drying time by 2–4 hours. Among the additives, lactic acid bacteria (used at a ratio of 5 mg/kg) is the most efficient and cost-effective option, with a cost of approximately 20 yuan per ton. Following this, formic acid and propionic acid are used in that order. Internationally, biological additives are increasingly preferred to avoid the corrosive effects of chemical acids on humans, animals, and silage equipment.
(3) Silage methods include bag filling, bag sealing, plastic bag storage, and cellar storage. The first two methods are highly mechanized, resulting in higher labor efficiency and better silage quality, though they come with higher processing costs. The latter two methods rely more on manual labor, which lowers productivity but reduces costs, making them ideal for small-scale farmers or self-sufficient operations. Regardless of the method used, creating anaerobic conditions is essential for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. This is typically achieved by compacting the silage material and ensuring proper sealing of the storage facilities.
In addition to these technical aspects, modern silage practices also emphasize environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. Farmers are encouraged to adopt best practices based on local climate conditions and available resources. Proper management of silage not only improves feed quality but also contributes to long-term agricultural productivity and food security.