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Feeding cows six must
To ensure high-quality milk production and the overall health of dairy cows, it is essential to implement comprehensive management practices in their breeding environment. While dairy cows generally have strong immunity, the quality of fresh milk is highly influenced by environmental conditions. Poor hygiene can lead to substandard milk quality and reduced milk yield. Therefore, farmers should regularly clean the cow enclosures, remove manure at least once or twice daily, and maintain cleanliness in both feed and water sources. It's also important to avoid feeding moldy or spoiled feed, as this can negatively impact both the cows' health and milk quality.
Another key factor is managing the calving age of cows. The first calving should not occur too early, as cows that give birth before 18 months of age and weigh around 250 kg often experience difficult labor. To avoid such complications, farmers should wait until the cows reach a weight of 360–400 kg before breeding them. Rushing this process can lead to long-term health issues and lower productivity.
Proper milking techniques are also crucial. Milking should be done in accordance with the natural rhythm of milk production, gradually increasing the frequency to build up the cow’s capacity. Squeezing all the milk immediately after calving can cause excessive nutrient depletion, which may harm the cow’s health. Ideally, milking should occur 3–4 times per day. Milkers must follow strict hygiene protocols, including cleaning equipment and maintaining personal cleanliness. Before and after milking, the udder should be sanitized with iodine solution to prevent mastitis.
A balanced diet during the dry period is essential for the cow’s recovery and future milk production. During this time, the cow’s body needs to replenish nutrients lost during lactation and support the development of the next calf. Therefore, feed amounts should be adjusted appropriately—reducing fine feed a few days before and after drying off. A typical dry period diet includes about 10–15 kg of concentrate, 8–10 kg of high-quality hay, 15–20 kg of green fodder, and 3–4 kg of additional feed.
Encouraging regular exercise is another important aspect of dairy cow management. Some cows tend to remain inactive, which can lead to difficulties during calving and retained placenta. By allowing cows to move freely in a circular feeding area, their metabolism is stimulated, appetite is improved, and their reproductive health is maintained. This also helps in building stronger immunity against diseases.
Finally, brushing the cows’ bodies daily is recommended. Their skin is sensitive to dust and dirt, so brushing 1–2 times a day helps keep them clean and comfortable. This practice also promotes blood circulation and enhances the overall well-being of the animals.
By following these six key practices, dairy farmers can significantly improve milk quality, increase productivity, and ensure the long-term health of their herd.