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Silage Technology
Silage technology primarily addresses the challenges of seasonal rainwater accumulation during summer and autumn in the Beijing region, as well as issues related to storage difficulties and significant losses. Currently, the main silage methods include semi-dry silage, additive-based silage, and mixed silage techniques.
**Core Technology Content**
(1) **Semi-Dry Silage**: In Beijing, from May to August, when the weather is clear, forage can be dried in the field for 10 to 12 hours before being ensiled. This method helps reduce moisture content, making it easier to preserve nutrients and improve fermentation quality.
(2) **Additive Silage**: This method is particularly effective in reducing earthworm loss during the rainy season in northern regions. It can also shorten drying time by 2 to 4 hours. Among additives, lactic acid bacteria (used at a ratio of 5 mg/kg) is the most cost-effective option, with a cost of approximately 20 yuan per ton. Formic acid and propionic acid follow in effectiveness, though they are more expensive. Internationally, there is a growing trend toward using biological additives to avoid the corrosive effects of traditional acids on both humans and animals, as well as on silage equipment.
(3) **Silage Methods**: These include bag filling, bag sealing, plastic bag storage, and pit storage. The first two methods are highly mechanized, resulting in better quality silage and higher labor efficiency, although they come with higher processing costs. The latter two methods rely more on manual labor, which lowers productivity but reduces costs significantly, making them ideal for small-scale farmers or self-sufficient operations. Regardless of the chosen method, it is crucial to create an anaerobic environment to support the growth of lactic acid bacteria. This is typically achieved by compacting the silage material and ensuring proper sealing of the storage facilities.
By integrating these techniques, farmers can enhance the efficiency and sustainability of their silage production, ultimately leading to better feed quality and reduced waste.