Rape cultivation and management

Rape is the main oil crop planted by farmers in our town. Based on the practical experience accumulated over the years and combined with the reality of rape planting in our town, we have compiled some technical data on cultivation and management for reference in practice.

No-tillage Direct Seeding Cultivation Technique

No-tillage rapeseed has the characteristics of saving labor and production, high yield and high efficiency. According to the survey, no-tillage rapeseed can save about 6 workers in transplanting than nursery transplanting, and the operation is simple and yield is basically the same. It is an effective measure to develop effective agriculture and expand the planting area of ​​rapeseed. The cultivation techniques are described as follows:
First, use double-low rape varieties:
The current promotion of double-low rapeseed varieties: Zhejiang Shuang 72, Huyou 15. Zheshuang 72 has the characteristics of resistant to late broadcasting. Shanghai Oil 15 has a higher output. Therefore, it is flexible to choose according to different sowing dates.
Second, soil preparation and sowing:
No-tillage live rapeseeds are sowed after the late rice is harvested. There are conditions to strive for early sowing. The sowing time is generally before the end of October and no later than the beginning of November. As weeds and rape seedlings grow synchronously, weeds are heavier. According to the growth status of weeds in the field after the harvest of the late rice, 5-10 days before sowing, 500 ml of 10% glyphosate, or 100 ml of 41% of Roundup, and 50 kg of water were sprayed. For the first time weeding. Before the site preparation, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer or 10 kg of urea, 7.5 kg of chlorinated potassium, and 0.5 kg of borax were used as base fertilizer. The soil is 2 to 2.5 meters wide. It is also possible to use the high-yielding ditch in the paddy fields and to make rakes in the ditch. Gully smashed on the sorghum surface, sowing can be broadcast or horizontal seeding, broadcast broadcast width 20-30 cm, spacing 40 cm, 0.3-0.5 kg per mu, so that the quantitative ration, with a small amount Coke dust or fine mud is mixed for uniform sowing.
Third, the field of fertilizer management, prevention and treatment of diseases and weeds when the seedlings after 1-2 true leaves when the thinning, weak to stay strong, 3-4 true leaves when the Dingmiao. As the growth of live rapeseed is relatively small, it is appropriate to increase the density. The basic seedlings per acre are controlled at 1.2 to 15,000 strains. The seedlings are to be applied after fixing the seedlings, and urea is applied 5-7.5 kg per acre. According to the situation of field weeds. During the 4-5 leaf stage of rapeseed, use 30% Shuangcaojing 75-100 ml per mu, or 40-60 ml per mu, or 10.8 per cent per mu with 30. Spray, weeding the second time. From the end of December to mid-January, the fertilizer is applied in a fertilizer of 7.5-10 kg of urea per acre. By the end of February, apply moss fertilizer with 6-8 kg of urea per acre, spray a concentration of 0.3% borax again to prevent flowering. In the middle of March, Miao Shizhuang was used as a manure fertilizer during the flowering period, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-2% urea solution were sprayed outside the root to increase the seed setting rate and increase grain weight. The management of water slurry will focus on the increase of rainfall after the spring, timely clearing drainage, and preventing waterlogging and premature aging. Pest control The seedling stage of rape should pay attention to the control of aphids and cabbage caterpillars. Early flowering and flowering should focus on prevention and control of Sclerotinia. While clearing the gutters, reducing the humidity in the field, and improving the microclimate in the field, 40% of sclerotium net carbendazim drugs are used for prevention and treatment.
4. Timely harvesting When 80% of the whole field fruit is yellow, the main grain is black when harvesting is appropriate to prevent cutting green.

Fat-reducing symptoms of rapeseed and remedies

Rapeseed is a crop that requires a large amount of fertilizer. With the increase of the multiple cropping index, it is often due to light fertilization or improper fertilization, resulting in slow growth and growth of plants, resulting in severe reduction in yield. If we pay attention to observing the color of rape leaves at ordinary times and grasp the reasons, we can achieve high yield and stable production by taking the right medicine in time. Here are the main performance symptoms and remedial measures for rapeseed deficiency.
1, lack of nitrogen. The main symptoms of nitrogen deficiency were: reddish leaves of Brassica napus, loss of chlorophyll, the inability to form new chlorophyll, and reddish purple; cabbage rape was pale yellow; mustard green leaves were purple. Remedy: Within 1-3 days of the onset of the above symptoms, apply 7.5- 12.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per 667 square meters, or 2.5-5 kg ​​of urea. The effect of fertilization on nitrogen accumulation in rapeseed plants was greater. Large amount of nitrogen in the rapeseed will accumulate more nitrogen, which will stop absorbing it prematurely, and will no longer absorb nitrogen at full flowering stage, thus reducing the yield and quality; while low fertilization will also greatly absorb nitrogen during the fruit development stage. Therefore, it is necessary to add nitrogen fertilizer.
2, lack of phosphorus. The main symptoms of phosphorus deficiency: poor root development, smaller leaves, thicker leaves, dark green leaves and dark, lack luster. Remedy: Rape is sensitive to phosphorus but has special phosphorus absorption. Due to the urgent need for phosphorus in early rapeseed (especially at seedling stage), the effect of subsequent phosphorus application is not obvious. After discovering the above symptoms in rapeseed field, 4-5 kg ​​of calcium phosphate should be applied every 667 square meters.
3, potassium deficiency. The main symptoms of potassium deficiency: potassium deficiency in rape generally occurs in the middle and late stages. When potassium is lacking, the leaves and petioles appear purple, and then “burnt” and light brown spots appear in the leaf margins. Delay development when severe, reduce production by 30% to 50%. Remedy: After the occurrence of the above symptoms, apply 5 to 7.5 kg of potassium chloride per 667 square meters, about 200 kg of plant ash; or spray 40 kg of 0.1% to 0.15% potassium chloride solution per 667 square meters.
4, lack of boron. The main symptoms of lack of boron: dark green leaves, leaf thickening late, the leaves were purple or blue-purple. Buds turn green and yellow and shrink or dry off. Remedy: When this symptom is found, spray 100 to 300 g of borax with 20 to 25 liters of water per 667 square meters.

How to Shorten the Slow Seedling Period of Transplanting Rape

Daejeon transplanting rapeseed, if the long seedling period is too long, it will seriously affect the early occurrence of rapeseed and reduce the yield of rapeseed. Therefore, in the production of rapeseed, the following measures should be taken to reduce the period of seedlings.
Fine soil preparation Fertilizer Rape requires loose soil. Poor soil preparation, poor wet cultivation, and soil compaction not only slow seedlings but also cause rot. After harvesting the previous crop, it is necessary to grab sunny soil preparation and loosen the soil. The previous crop is rice. It is required to open the field before the rice is harvested. Open the ditch immediately after ploughing to ensure that the irrigation and drainage are smooth and the field is dry. At the same time, it is required to combine the land preparation with sufficient base fertilizer. Per mu soil mixed fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or three yuan compound fertilizer 25 kg, rapeseed cake 40 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 15 ~ 20 kg, borax 0.75 kg, fully mix and stack after the application.
Transplanting with fertilizers on the basis of cultivating strong seedlings, with fertilizer, with medicine, transplanting with soil, is the key measure to shorten the seedling period. After transplanting for 3 days, 500 kg of composted urine was applied per acre seedbed. 1 to 2 days prior to transplanting, apply once to prevent pests from getting down. To facilitate seedlings, the seedbed is drenched 1 day before transplanting. After dehydration on the day of transplanting, the seedlings were taken out with a spatula, the vegetables and soil were more soiled, the roots and leaves were lightly damaged, and they survived quickly. The seedlings are planted with the plants and they are not planted overnight.
Properly transplanted early rapeseed transplanting, higher temperatures, is conducive to the growth of seedlings survived. High-yield canola requires 9 to 10 green leaves before winter and must be planted in due time.
To improve the quality of transplanting rapeseed transplants to achieve "full", "uniform", "straight", "蘸". "Full," that is, the seedlings are less injured and the leaves are intact. "Equal", evenly transplanted according to the spacing of plants, the size of seedlings transplanted. "Straight," the seedlings are straight and straight. "蘸", with "9,020" 1 grams, 2.5 ~ 3 kg of superphosphate, add 100 kg of water dissolved and then add appropriate amount of pond mud or fertilizer soil into a paste-like edge root transplanting. Pour enough water after planting.
After planting rapeseed transplants in a plant, timely weeding and weeding were used to remove topsoil. 7 to 10 days after transplanting, combined with watering per acre applied to manure urea 5 kg raised. After planting drought, timely watering drought protection seedlings.

Technical measures to increase rapeseed production

First, change the way of cultivation 1. Change varieties. Old varieties are susceptible to diseases and insects, and their production performance is poor. Therefore, new varieties with strong adaptability, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, and high yield should be used to replace old varieties. Such as Rongza 7th, Rongza 8th, Yiyou 13, Nanyou 6, etc. 2. Delay sowing for proper sowing. The sowing of rapeseed was too late, the emergence rate was low, and the seedling stage had poor growth, which affected the development of the medium-term opening. Therefore, the sowing time should be appropriate, and the optimum sowing date: between September 18 and September 25 when the seedlings are transplanted, and between October 5 and October 10 in live broadcasting. 3, change live for transplanting seedlings. Seedlings can cultivate strong seedlings with good root development, strong absorption of nutrients, vigorous growth of seedlings, and high number of branches and high yield. 4. Mix and transplant to transplant seedlings for grade transplanting. Rape seedlings are mixed and transplanted. The seedlings are of different strengths and weaknesses. The difference in growth is not easy to manage. It will result in weak meats and strong food. The whole plant growth is not neat; the seedlings are transplanted in the same grade and are uniform in growth, which is beneficial to field management and promotes robust growth and development of plants. When transplanting seedlings, they should be “uniformly, straightly, deeply, and steadily”. The seedlings have a high survival rate and thrive.
Second, timely management, apply three times fat. When planting, it is necessary to apply the base fertilizer, and after transplanting to survive, do a good job of cultivating and weeding to increase soil permeability. After the transplanting, the three fertilizers were mainly applied. 1, open fertilizer. From late December to early January, farmyard manure is the main factor, and nitrogen fertilizer is properly blended. With 100 to 150 grams of urea, the number of branches can be increased. 2, Lei moss fertilizer. In early February, quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and they are used in water and manure to increase the number of pods. 3, flower fat. During the flowering period, 200 grams of boron fertilizer is used to spray 150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to increase the fertilization rate of flowers and increase the number of effective angles.

How to Grasp the Management of Rape in the Later Period

Brassica flowering period refers to the period from the beginning of rape to mature, including the flowering period and the development period of pods.

Topdressing of fertilizers is an important measure to increase production of rapeseed in the later period. Application of fertilizers should be based on conditions such as seedling conditions and fertility. To reach the autumn and winter strong, spring stable canola, in the early flowering period, leaves, stem color slightly faded on the basis of topdressing fertilizer, per acre can apply urea 5-7.5 kg, or ammonium sulfate 10-15 kg. Spring rape is better, soil is strong enough, and rape with a darker leaf color at the early flowering stage or a group with a large population development should be strictly controlled. Insufficient spring, the flowering period grows significantly in the vegetable field, and the fertilizer should be applied earlier.

When there is a lot of rain during the flowering season, it is necessary to clear the ditch to reduce humidity, control the groundwater level, and prevent waterlogging and disease. When there is a little rain, we must maintain a certain amount of humidity in the field.

Sclerotinia is the main disease in rapeseed production, which can cause 1-30% reduction in rapeseed production. Rainfall during flowering is more likely to cause disease epidemics. Agricultural and control measures include flood and drought rotation, deep plowing, treatment of field residues, and reduction of disease infestation sources; chemical control, selection of various formulations of carbendazim, bacillin, sclerotin, thiophanate, etc. Full flowering medication.

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