In recent years, wheat disease has been aggravating. In addition to the abnormal weather conditions in winter last year, wheat was generally seriously affected by cold damage, and the seedling condition was not very good, resulting in some new characteristics of the occurrence of wheat disease this year. With the increase of temperature, wheat grows into a vigorous jointing growth period, and the diseases of wheat have entered the period of spreading and spreading, and the damage will increase. Therefore, farmers’ friends should do a good job in prevention and control in a timely manner. Among wheat diseases, there are mainly four kinds of rust, powdery mildew, sheath blight, and head blight. 1. Wheat Rust Wheat rust is commonly known as jaundice and is a fungal disease. It is classified into stripe rust, leaf rust, and stem rust. The difference between the three types of rust can be summarized as follows: rust formation, leaf rust, stem rust is a large erythema. Wheat rust is an airborne disease. It has a long duration of low temperature in early spring and is severely affected by spring rain. Among them, stripe rust is more common, and susceptible wheat cannot carry out photosynthesis, which affects the absorption of water by wheat. In severe cases, the leaves and stalks of wheat are dry, the spikes are small, and grains are reduced, which leads to a reduction in yield. Wheat stripe rust mainly damages wheat leaves, but also damages leaf sheaths, culms, and spikes. The uredia spores are arranged in a dashed line on the leaves, bright yellow, small spores, and long ovals. After the spore stack ruptures, powdery spores are scattered. . Wheat leaf rust mainly damages the leaves and is rare on leaf sheaths and stems. The summer spores are scattered on the leaves, orange-red, spores of medium size, round to oblong, summer spores generally do not penetrate the leaves, the back of the summer spores are also smaller than the positive. Wheat stalk rust mainly damages stems and leaf sheaths, but also can cause damage to the panicles. The summer stalks are scattered and irregularly arranged, dark brown, and have large spores and oblong shapes. The ability of the summer spores to penetrate the leaves is strong, and the same infestation point is Spore heaps can be seen on the front and back, while the spore stack on the opposite side of the leaf is larger. Control methods: Prevent and control rust to local conditions, focus on the early occurrence of the disease center, and effectively control the spread of the spread; Daejeon disease leaf rate of 0.5% to 1% immediately when the general rule, 12.5% ​​per acre can be used 30 to 35 g of wettable powder and 45 to 60 g of 20% triadimefone emulsion are sprayed and controlled, and generally used twice. Second, wheat powdery mildew Wheat powdery mildew is a transformation type of cereal powdery mildew, there is sex for Gramineae brucellosis, Aspergillus subtilis Branella powdery mildew; asexual state is beaded powdery spores, is a semi-known bacteria Asia Mesozoic spp. After the disease occurs, it can cause the leaves to be withered, the number of tillers to be reduced, the percentage of spikes to fall, and the 1000-grain weight to fall. Generally, the yield is reduced by 10%, and the serious reduction in production is 50%. Wheat powdery mildew can occur in every growth period of wheat. The typical pathological condition is that the diseased surface is covered with a layer of white powdery mildew. After the tissue is invaded, the white fleece-like mildew spots first appear, and gradually expand the mutual formation of large mildew spots. The surface gradually became powdery and later turned gray or gray-brown with scattered small black particles (closed shell). The disease can invade the various parts of the wheat plant shoots, mainly leaves and leaf sheaths, when the disease is heavy, glume and awn can also be victimized. At the time of onset, the leaves exhibited white moldy spots 1 to 2 mm in diameter, which gradually expanded to nearly round or oval white moldy spots with a layer of white powder (mycelium or conidia) on the surface, and they immediately scattered when subjected to external forces or vibrations. The diseased part of the latter stage turned grayish to light brown, with small black spots (closed shells) on the lesions. Control methods: Rational fertilization and watering, strengthen field management, and cultivate strong seedlings. When the diseased leaf rate reaches 10%, 50 ml of 20% triadimefon (triadimefon) emulsion or 75 g of 15% triadimefon (triadimefon) wettable powder can be used per acre to spray 60-80 kg of water. . 3. Wheat sheath blight Wheat sheath blight, also known as blight, is mainly caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis and Rhizoctonia solani. The symptoms of wheat infestation at different stages of development are different. They mainly occur on leaf sheaths and stems. At the early stage of seedling development, small yellowish spots appear on the leaf sheaths on the surface or near the surface, followed by typical yellow-brown spindles or eyes. Spotted lesions, rotted at the base of late diseased plants, and diseased seedlings died. After the jointing of wheat, a grayish-yellow, moire-like mottled lesion was formed on the leaf sheath of the base. After the lesions were fused, the base of the stem was mottled and continued to expand along the leaf sheath to the flag leaf. Later lesions invaded. After the wall of the stem, a near-circular or ellipsoidal eye spot is formed in the middle grayish-brown and brownish surrounding, resulting in dehydration and necrosis of the stem wall. Finally, the diseased plant withered and form the white ear of dry plant. The development of the disease is affected by the average daily temperature. The condition develops rapidly at 20°C～25°C and stops growing at more than 30°C. Control methods: Reasonable fertilization, less nitrogen fertilization, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilization, control of excessive prosperous wheat; at the end of the tillering period of wheat, when the diseased plant rate reaches 10% to 15%, 20% Jinggangmycin wettable powder per acre 30 Grams or 12.5% ​​of wolfberry Lee wet powder 30 ~ 60 grams for prevention and treatment. 4. Fusarium head blight in wheat Fusarium head blight is also known as red head broom and rotten wheat head. The pathogens are several species of Fusarium fungi, such as Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum and so on. From the seedlings to the heading period can be disease. Mainly caused by seedlings, ear rot, stem base rot, culm rot, of which the most serious is the ear rot. Spike rot occurred when wheat was in bloom, and water-stained light brown spots appeared on the spikelets and glumes at the early stage of disease, and gradually expanded to the entire spikelets, resulting in yellowing of the spikelets. When the humidity is high, pink moldy layer is formed at the lesion, and dense blue-black small particles (disease capsule shell) are generated on the lesion at the late stage of the disease. Touch with the hand, there is a sensation of protrusion, and it cannot be erased. White or pink moldy layer. After the onset of spikelet, it spreads to the rachis, and the diseased part is brown, which causes the spikelets above the damaged part to form withered white spikes. The severity of head blight was closely related to disease resistance, bacterial source and weather. Varieties with small spikelets, sparsely arranged spikelets, heading and flowering, and flowering short-term varieties were more disease-resistant than those resistant to disease; The severely affected wheat areas provide sufficient bacterial sources for the occurrence of wheat scab in the next year; the number of days of rain from wheat heading to filling (especially at the flowering stage) is an important factor in the severity of disease, and the heading and flowering period meets more than 3 days. In the continuous rainy weather, the disease may be serious. Control methods: Increase phosphorus and potash fertilizers, promote strong wheat plants, and prevent lodging; in wheat heading and flowering stage, generally the first application of wheat is from 10% heading to flowering stage, and the first heavy planting area is applied every year. 50% carbendazim WP 50 g or 15% triadimefon (triadimefon) wettable powder 50 g for control.
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