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Premature nectarine cultivation in sunlight greenhouse
First, according to local conditions, select the local varieties suitable for planting. It is necessary to select suitable varieties based on local climate resources. It is required to have varieties that are characterized by early maturation, short growth period, less coldness during dormancy, high fruiting rate, and good commercial quality of fruits. Through practice, cultivation has performed better varieties such as brilliance, Huaguang, Ruiguang, and early red bead. Second, to strengthen soil management, timely control of the soil in the greenhouse 1. The choice of soil in the construction of greenhouses generally choose the soil thicker, lighter texture of sandy loam is better. In addition, the relationship between the moisture and moisture of sandy loam is relatively coordinated, and the ground temperature can be raised in time in early spring to favor the early germination of nectarine. 2. Strengthen the management and regulation of soils in greenhouses Planting nectarines year after year can easily lead to deterioration of soil-related traits. Such as the lack of nutrition, the accumulation of toxins, texture, such as the consolidation. Therefore, the management of soil should be strengthened. Practice has proved that the simplest and most effective measure is to combine deep-growing organic fertilizers in summer. This measure can thicken the tillage layer, improve soil physical properties, effectively reduce the soil bulk density, supplement nutrients, make the soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other factors coordinate with each other; can effectively use high temperature to promote various microbial activities in the soil, strengthen The decomposition and transformation of nutrients in the soil. To prolong the time of sunburn and soil weathering, it should be done early after the fruit is harvested. However, it should be noted that deep plowing should be conducted year by year, not one time. Otherwise, it is easy to break the plow layer, causing leakage of water and fertilizer. Third, improve irrigation methods to reduce the impact of greenhouse air humidity and soil temperature in the early spring to take traditional flood irrigation on the shed within a great impact on the temperature, is to prevent early nectarine, early growth of the most important factor. Moreover, flood irrigation during the growth period has a great influence on the humidity of the air in the greenhouse and is an important factor in inducing the disease. Drip irrigation can be used to make water drip irrigation than flood irrigation, can also be combined with fertilization, labor, time, reduce labor intensity, can effectively protect the soil granule structure. Fourth, rational fertilization, promote control and control 1. Increase the use of basal fertilizer Nectarine in the greenhouse requires a large amount of fertilizer, requiring increased use of basal fertilizer before dormancy. General Mushi fully cooked organic fertilizer 2000 kg. At the same time, quick-acting phosphorus, potassium, and trace element fertilizers are used, and the amount used is generally half of the annual dosage. Gully application, hole application or spreading can be plowed. 2. During the growth period, the timely growth of peach was supplemented with quick-release nitrogen fertilizer through foliar spray during the rapid expansion of nectarine fruit. Generally spray 3% ~ 5% of urea 2 times ~ 3 times. Pay attention to uniform spraying, and carry out at low temperature and low evaporation to avoid “fat harmâ€. Before the fruit is harvested, in order to improve the quality of the fruit and increase the sweetness and color, 0.2% to 0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be applied through the leaves once or twice. Before forced dormancy, in order to increase the accumulation of nutrients in peach trees, promote early germination, early flowering, and multiple flowering, you can spray 3% to 5% of urea and 0.3% to 0.5% of the foliage 10 days before forced dormancy. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 times. In the flowering period of nectarine, spray 0.3% borax and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, fruit set rate increased significantly. V. Take comprehensive measures to increase the fruit-setting rate of greenhouse nectarine Nectarine itself is a fruit tree with high self-fruiting rate, but this characteristic is poor when it is cultivated in the greenhouse, and it has become a major factor affecting production. The main reasons include high humidity in the greenhouse, low light, and imbalances in vegetative and reproductive growth of the tree. Experiments show that the following measures are very effective in solving this problem. 1. Do a good job of water and fertilizer control If the flowering water supply is sufficient in the early flowering period or flowering period, the phenomenon of "flower flushing" is extremely easy to occur. Therefore, control water and fertilizer before flowering to improve the fruit setting rate. 2. Rational allocation of pollination trees When planting, the proportion of the pollinated tree to the main cultivated species is 1:4 or 1:3. In order to improve economic efficiency, it is required that the pollination varieties have excellent commercial characters and cultivation characters. It is generally planted in a greenhouse in an interplanted manner. 3. Artificially assisted pollination during the flowering period to increase fruit setting rate Artificially assisted pollination combined with thinning flower at the flowering stage is a very effective measure to increase fruit setting rate. At present, farmer households generally use the method of artificial point teaching. Although effective, this method is labor- and time-consuming, and it is extremely easy to damage the branches or get rid of the flowers. Through experiments, spraying 0.3% borax and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at flowering time works well. In addition, pollen nutrition solution (20 pollen + 250 sugars + 5 parts of borax + 5000 parts of water) or pollen suspension (20 parts of pollen + 5,000 parts of water) is also effective in pollination. Six, to strengthen the temperature control in the greenhouse 1. Ground temperature Early spring early to increase the temperature is the key to early germination and early growth of nectarine. The ground temperature at which nectarine roots began to grow was 0°C, and the growth rate began to increase at 5°C. Therefore, watering should be avoided before nectarine sprouts in early spring. At the same time, by increasing the heat absorption capacity of the land by laying black mulch film, the ground temperature can be effectively increased. 2. Shelf temperature Nectarines have different temperature requirements in the greenhouse during different growth periods. At different times, the temperature must be controlled through ventilation and covering grasshoppers. Generally early nectarine can be controlled with reference to the following table: Seven, timely nectarine forced dormancy, to strengthen the protection of the tree 1. The pods forced to sleep two days before the request, all the leaves on the tree are required to remove the net. Protect the shoots and the tree body in the loquat leaves to prevent tearing or breaking the branches. At the same time, the remaining leaves of the armpit should be cleared out of the greenhouse in time to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. 2. According to the characteristics of varieties, timely forced dormancy occurs when the nighttime temperature falls to 7°C in the late autumn and early winter (from mid-October to mid-November). This is usually achieved through temperature control. Open the greenhouse vents at night to allow cold air to enter the greenhouse and create a low-temperature environment. During the day, the air outlet is closed and the insulation layer is covered to keep the temperature in the greenhouse low. Duration depends on the characteristics of the species, generally early maturing varieties are completed in 30 days to 100 days.