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Eight ways to raise and manage young turtles
The hatchling is the young turtle that emerges from its egg. Upon hatching, juvenile tortoises typically weigh between 3 to 13 grams. Their bodies are still delicate, their movements are weak, and they are not yet fully adapted to their surroundings. Without proper care, they can easily fall ill or die. Therefore, the successful rearing of hatchlings is a critical aspect of turtle farming. Here are eight essential guidelines for raising hatchlings effectively.
First, when hatchlings begin to crawl out of their shells, they should not be removed immediately. Allow them to remain on the sand for 1 to 3 hours so they can dry off naturally. Then place them in containers like tubs or plastic basins for 2 to 3 days. This helps their umbilical cords dry and close properly. During this time, they absorb the yolk sac completely, which provides them with initial nutrition. A healthy hatchling should have a closed umbilicus, weigh more than 4 grams, show active movement, and be free from injuries or diseases.
Second, before placing hatchlings into the water, it's important to disinfect them. Soak them in a solution of 500-800 mg/L vitamin C for 10 minutes. This not only improves survival rates but also boosts their overall health and growth.
Third, set up a suitable habitat. Use an indoor cement pool measuring 4 to 10 square meters with a water depth of 10 to 20 cm. Provide a shallow feeding area at 2 cm underwater and include a basking spot where they can rest and dry off. The bottom of the pool should be covered with 5 to 10 cm of fine sand. Ensure there is no debris under the feeding area to maintain clean water.
Fourth, manage stocking density carefully. Overcrowding can lead to stress and disease. Aim for about 100 hatchlings per square meter to promote better growth and survival.
Fifth, feed hatchlings appropriately. Initially, they rely on the yolk sac for nutrition. After hatching, feed them small amounts of cooked egg yolk starting on day 3. By day 5, introduce soft foods like fish, shrimp, snails, clams, and organ meats from livestock and poultry. Maintain a 2:1 ratio of animal to plant-based food. Feed them twice daily—once in the morning (8–9 AM) and once in the late afternoon (5–6 PM). Offer enough food to last 2 hours, and avoid overfeeding.
Sixth, maintain good water quality. Use clean, unpolluted water sources such as rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. The water should have a yellowish-green color, with a transparency of 25–30 cm and a pH level between 7 and 8. Remove any leftover food from the tank daily. Change the water every two days, and clean and disinfect the tank during each change. Keep the water temperature between 25–30°C. In hot weather, ensure proper cooling and avoid large temperature differences when changing water—ideally no more than 2–3°C—to prevent stress and illness.
Seventh, create a safe and comfortable environment. Turtles prefer calm, sunny areas that are protected from wind and cold. Keep the area around the pond quiet, warm, and free from pollution or noise to reduce stress.
Eighth, protect hatchlings from predators. Common threats include snakes, rats, birds, and cats. Implement effective measures to secure the hatchery and prevent these animals from entering the area.
By following these steps, you can significantly improve the survival and development of your hatchlings, setting them on the path to becoming healthy adult turtles.