Early Japanese tea culture

The tea ceremony, as a product of a certain historical stage, neither has ever existed nor will it exist forever... (The whisper in the audience: how is it like a political textbook in middle school?) The so-called Japanese tea ceremony is now known to be formed in the second half of the 15th century. , Muromachi, Japan. The history of Japanese tea drinking can be traced back to the 8th century. During the Heian period, the exchanges between Japan and the Tang Empire were hot. Japan’s tea drinking activities were exactly the same as the Tang Dynasty, which was fully imitated at the time. Later, in 815, the famous empty sea monk left the earliest written record of Japanese drinking tea.

In the Tang Dynasty of China, Lu Yu’s "Tea Classics" appeared. This classic book of tea culture greatly promoted the formation of tea from tea culture to tea culture in Japan. In 810-824, Hongren Tea Breeze was the first tea culture peak in Japan. At this time, Japanese tea drinking was completely copied from the content to the form of the Tang Dynasty, and it was only popular among the courts and senior monks.

In the 12th century, the Japanese monk Rongxi brought back the shackles of the "last-style tea-making method" of the Song Dynasty in China from Wutai Mountain. He gave it to the second generation of the Kamakura shogunate, the "food tea health record", which led to Japan's second The peak of tea culture, the book strongly advocates the role of tea drugs. Since then, the Japanese have regarded tea as a cure for all diseases, while the poor people have no money to buy medicines. The monks in the temple used tea as a medicine to help. The emergence of tea laid the foundation for the popularization of tea to the people.

In the 14th century, Ashikarad established a new martial art regime, the Muromachi shogunate. When the three generations of generals became full-fledged, they annihilated domestic political enemies and reached their peak. Ashikaga Yoshimi is the one who is careful and loves to be clever in the "Smart Hugh". In history, he is a famous politician of Wenzhi martial arts. Culturally speaking, his governance is called “Beishan Culture”. During this period, Japanese tea culture also adapted to the luxurious, gorgeous and vanity of the samurai class life at that time. From the temple tea to the luxury of extreme pursuit of entertainment. The fighting tea, this crazy party centered on the fighting tea game, is a crazy event that the samurai consumes enthusiasm, displays wealth, and expands communication. What is shocking is that the predecessor of this uplifting Japanese-style tea-style tea is the extremely bleak and elegant Song Dynasty literati fighting tea. (Baibu, a game of guessing tea names in the Song Dynasty)

I finally have to go to silence. In the late period of Muromachi, under the politics of the eight generations of generals, the content of tea activities gradually changed with the maturity of the Wujia culture.

Speaking of the righteous government, it can be regarded as incompetent in military and political affairs. Because of his hesitation on the issue of heirs, it directly triggered the great turmoil that split Japan into two major forces: "Yingren, the chaos of civilization" (1467- 1477), the war lasted for 10 years, disintegrating the dominance of the Muromachi regime, and friends familiar with the history of the Japanese Warring States knew that this was the beginning of the Warring States period.

However, similar to some emperors in Chinese history, although the righteous government is a mediocre ruler, it is a high-level cultural person. On this point, he can compare with the ancestors. He established a huge architectural complex in Dongshan, Kyoto, and built the Dongshan culture, represented by the Japanese culture of the Middle Ages, centered on the famous Ginkakuji Temple. Tea, still an important part of Dongshan culture, the entertainment nature of a counter-tea, the tea culture of Dongshan period is a religious-style college tea, which is a kind of closed (in four and a half-tat-sized closed rooms And the tea ceremony is outdoor, heavy (relative to the hustle and bustle of the tea party), simple (as opposed to the chaos of the tea party) tea culture. It can be said that the prototype and main elements of the tea ceremony are now fully available.

Until the College Tea, the Japanese tea culture has undergone 700 years of change. Although the form and content have undergone drastic changes, it is still only a high-level cultural activity popular among the royal family, the public servant, the upper warrior and the monks. On such a narrow basis, It is impossible to produce a truly vital way. This is the limitation of Japanese nationality that values ​​class values.

The ruin of the warring States in all order, class, and secular concepts has provided a golden opportunity for the folkization and nationalization of tea. Fortunately, tea culture has seized this opportunity and ushered in its key leap... ...

Tea ceremony formation

At the end of Muromachi, compared to the above-mentioned mainstream tea activities monopolized by the royal family, nobles, warriors, monks, and rich people, the tea-and-white tea party organized by the civilians began to appear in these early civilian tea parties. Nara's “sweat tea party” is very famous, and its grass-rooted architecture later became a model of tea ceremony architecture.

The representative of Nara Stream, Murata Pearl (1423-1502), was later called the "ancestor of the mountain" of the tea ceremony. Born in Nara, he became a monk at the Pure Land Monastery, and was bombarded because of violation of the temple rules. At this time, the important figure of Zen in Japan, the famous and clever one--"Crazy", a suspense, is in Dade Temple in Kyoto. Hanging a single, Pearl is famous for going to the teacher to participate in the Zen, this is a very important event in the history of tea ceremony. After practicing Zhuguang, Zhuguang received the biography of Zen. The seal of the seal that was given to him was a national treasure-level cultural relic - the ink of Yuan Wu Keqin. Who is it? It is a great Zen monk in the Middle Song Dynasty, and his famous book "Bi Yan Lu" is an important classic of Zen Buddhism. How his handwriting was lost to the Japanese, it is really time to investigate the responsibility of the cultural relics management department and customs. And a Hugh brother actually took this to give away, it is really different (it is a bit crazy to see).

Zhuguang, a celebrity of the Yiliang Tea Party, immediately absorbed the essence of Zen from a break, and immediately began to use Zen to transform his tea activities. He will hang the ink of Keqin and hang it in the tea room alcove, which is the most tea room. In a prominent position, every guest who comes to participate in tea affairs must first salute the handwriting of Yuanwu. Since then, this ink has not only been a treasure of Zen, but also a sacred object of the highest of the tea ceremony. (俺流流水) It is a testimony of Pearl's combination of Zen and tea ceremony. The combination of tea and Zen is a key to the formation of tea ceremony. Since then, tea activities have had profound ideological connotations. After the Pearl Light, the tea people of the past generations almost all participated in the meditation, and the tea ceremony was also considered to be a kind of "self-cultivation", and there was a saying of "tea meditation" (or "tea meditation").

The “grass tea” pioneered by Zhuguang is the starting point of the later tea ceremony. In his later years, the cultural servants of the generals of the generals could introduce Ami and become the tea ceremony teacher of the generals. They fully understood the Dongshan “Chuyuan Tea” and had the opportunity to come into contact with the numerous art and cultural treasures collected by the Yizheng (“Dongshan Yuwu” After that, his tea ceremony thought has made a further leap. The combination of the civilian Nara stream "grass tea" and the noble "scholar tea" has completed the most important step from the tea culture to the tea ceremony.

The folkization of tea, the combination of tea and Zen, the combination of aristocratic tea and folk tea is the three key tasks of the formation of tea ceremony. Through the practice of Murata's life, it is a coincidence that it can be done. This is a lucky tea ceremony. .

Tea people biography

Famous opponents - Li Xiu and Xiu Ji

Haha, there are game characters, and there are two. These two are the first big artists in Japan. The latter is the first legendary leader in Japan. They are also two people who played a vital role in the development of Japanese tea ceremony. At the same time, they are famous opponents with tragic fate...

In the troubled times of the "Shangke" on the Warring States, the ruling order collapsed, bringing great prosperity to the civic culture. The big commercial towns such as Boundary and Hakata are unprecedentedly developed, and the merchants of the two places monopolize the “Southern Trade” (trade with the Chinese Ming Dynasty) and gather huge wealth. Since the Pearl River, the tea ceremony has become the fashion of the citizen class. The influx of Nanban goods has provided a new source for tea props and tea diet. On the other hand, the war on the whole day, I do not know if there are any warriors of tomorrow, and I hope to seek spiritual support in the tea ceremony that incorporates the Zen view of impermanence, to obtain temporary calm in the quiet tea room, to abandon the troubles of life and death, and to become a warrior. Essential life content. The tea ceremony has become a cultural event for the whole people, and the time has come to give birth to the epoch-making great tea people.

Qian Lixiu (1522-1592), the young name Shiro, the law No. Zong Yi, Li Xiu, the fasting of the fasting, the town of the town. In the series "Taihe Lizhi Biography", he is the only way to learn the skills of tea ceremony. He has a monopoly position. Every time he wants to learn his tea ceremony, Mujiro Katsuyuki has to fight for his life to earn money (tea sets and tuition are expensive) At that time, I was determined by my heart. I must make this old guy look good one day, for example, let him be in a public laparotomy...

Qian Lixiu was born in a merchant family. He began to study tea ceremony in his childhood. At the age of 18, he went to Wuye Shaoou as a teacher. Shao Ou is a re-transmission disciple of Zhu Guang, a great tea gardener who has inherited the history of the tea ceremony. The content and form of the pearl tea ceremony still have the obvious imprint of Chinese tea. The Zen thought comes from China, and the tea props are also dominated by Chinese antiquities (“Tang things”). Shaouou completed the nationalization of the tea ceremony by introducing the traditional Japanese art of Liansudao into the tea ceremony (he was a famous singer). Many of the contents of the tea ceremony were created by Zhuguang and perfected by Shaoou. However, the most important contribution of Shaoou is his cultivation of the great disciple Lixiu. Lishou stood on the shoulder of Shaoou and completed the comprehensive innovation of the tea ceremony.

After the death of Shaoou in 1555, Lixiu became the leading tea man at that time. In the second year of Tianzheng (1574), he was already in the hegemony, and he was hired by the Warring States Fengyun Erda, who was marching on the journey of “the world’s Buwu”. I made my own tea head (tea ceremony teacher). Combined with the power, this is a big turning point in Life.

The Nobunaga regards the tea ceremony as a political tool to declare the majesty of the Oda regime and to cherish the heart of the inner court. The qualification for a tea party is a great honour he has given to his minister. Yuchai Hideyoshi, at this time as the minister of the Nobunaga, also has this qualification, and learns the tea ceremony under the Lishou, this is the initial contact between the two.

Ten Years of Heaven (1582) is a turning point in Japanese history. The Nobunaga who will realize the dream of unifying Japan disappeared in the raging fire of the Instinct Temple. Hideyoshi returned to the army to defeat the wise light show of the rebel. He defeated the forces within the Oda family and became the successor of the Nobunaga. He spent eight years completing the unification of Japan. The Warring States Period was over, and Hideyoshi’s rule of the world began, and Lee Hugh’s logically made the Shuige’s tea head. Since then, the two have been working together for almost 10 years. This decade is an extremely beautiful page in the history of tea ceremony.

As shown in "Taihe Lizhi Biography", Hideyoshi was born in a barren, legendary way to become the ruler of the world. It is the only miracle in the ancient Japan that is famous for its origins. The foundation of Hideyoshi's rule is rather weak, relying almost entirely on his personal extraordinary ability. In order to normalize his rule, Hideyoshi broke his brain. In his opinion, the tea ceremony is both a good tool and an excellent tool to appease the world. It can also satisfy his own psychological vanity.

Therefore, Hideyoshi needs to expand his influence through the famous tea man of Li Xiu. His enthusiasm for tea activities has become obsessive, and his imagination has also played a lot in this respect. In the 13th year of Tianzheng (1585), Hideyoshi obtained the official position of "Guanbai" from the Emperor. This is the highest official position of the Qingqing. For Xiuji, who pursues the status and rank of the righteousness, its meaning is self-evident. To this end, he hosted a high-profile intra-ceremony tea party, and Lee Hugh was the host of course. At the tea party, Xiu Ji first ordered tea for the Emperor. The tea props used were specially made and completely new, to show respect for the Emperor's innocent body. Then Lixiu ordered tea for the Emperor. The tea used is the precious Tang Dynasty "Xintian Shoulder", "First Flower Shoulder" and "Songhua". Among them, the leaf teapot "Songhua" is said to be worth 400,000 stones. Japan’s territory from one country to two countries (Japan is divided into 66 countries) is worthless. The tea party was the highest-level tea party in Li Xiu's life. He was also given the title of "Li Xiu" by the Emperor. Before that, he was known by the world as Qian Zongyi.

Two years later (1587), the Kitano Tea Party was the highest peak of the cooperation between Hideyoshi and Lee Hugh, and it was also the only scene in the history of tea ceremony. Hideyoshi issued a statement: 10 days of big tea party will be held from October 1st to 10th. As long as you love the tea ceremony, no matter the samurai, merchants, or peasant people, you only need to bring a tea pot (a tea set, a pot of boiling water), a water bottle, and a drink. Without tea, it is fine to take rice flour paste instead. Don't worry about not having a tea room, just two or three tatami mats in the pine forest. There is no tatami mat, you can use the usual straw mats, and you can choose the location of the tea seats. In addition to the Japanese, Chinese people who love tea ceremony can also attend. No matter who you are, as long as you visit Xiuji's tea table, you can drink the tea that Hideyoshi personally ordered. As soon as this article came out, the respondents gathered, on the day of the tea party, the tea seats were one by one, reaching as many as 800. Hideyoshi also put on the golden tea room he once showed off in front of the emperor and the Ming Dynasty envoy. The tea room is completely constructed of gold. I am afraid that only the geniuses and geeks like Hideyoshi will be able to think about the perverted metamorphosis. (Hey, who is throwing eggs?)

The Kitano Tea Party is an unprecedented ceremony of the tea ceremony. It can be seen that the tea style flourished at the time, and the promotion of the tea ceremony is undoubted. Regardless of the motivation of Hideyoshi’s keen tea ceremony, his significant contribution to the development of Japanese tea ceremony is not allowed. Obliterate.

Li Xi’s 10 years of serving Hideyoshi is a golden age in which his tea ceremony is constantly evolving and his artistic talent is fully demonstrated. He has carried out all-round reform and improvement of the tea ceremony. Since the tea ceremony itself is a comprehensive cultural system that integrates food, gardening, architecture, flowers and trees, painting and calligraphy, carving, pottery, lacquerware, bamboo, etiquette, sewing, etc. The influence far exceeds the tea itself and has expanded to all aspects of Japanese culture. People named his favorite things that reflect his aesthetics. His example is “Lixiu Fence” and “Lixiu”. Color, "Lixiu stuffing", "Lixiu hoe", "Lixiu peony", "Lixiu tofu", "Lixiu headscarf", "Lixiu raft", "Lixiu fan", "Lixiu satin" and many more, it can be said that In the history of Japan as a whole, so far, the most profound influence on its national culture and art, non-Lixi is none other than. The tea ceremony began to have a "dao" status from Zhuguang, and after Lixiu, it gradually became a representative of Japanese culture and national spirit. Lee Hugh is worthy of being a world-class cultural celebrity.

Lixiu’s tea ceremony thought, inheriting the robes of Zhuguang and Shaoou, continues to pursue the realm of Zen, “there is no one thing” and “there is no endless possession”. Zhuguang has basically eliminated the recreational factors in the tea culture. Lixiu has completely cut off the various links between the old-style tea culture and the material world. He further reduced the standard tea room of four and a half tatami (about 8.186 square meters) to three or even two and a half (4.5 square meters) tatami. The interior decoration was also simplified as much as possible. In such a small space, any entertainment is Can not be carried out, and the host and guest raise their hands. If you do not follow a certain ritual, tea can not be completed (a tea event for up to 4 hours), tea ceremony has become a practice, any material desire can not exist in the tea room. The host and the guest sit at a very close distance, and their appearances and movements can be printed in the other's mind, thus reaching the realm of heart-to-heart and heart-to-heart. (Ma Yu press: Haha, 俺马羽流推陈出新, the tea room built only one tatami, and strive to achieve the purpose of intimate heart, is now applying for the world record of the Guinness World of Shanghai, want to buy as soon as possible ... was drowned by rotten tomatoes)

Lixiu returned the tea ceremony to the beginning of the indifferent nature. The words he left became the famous saying of the later generations of tea people: "It is necessary to know that the tea ceremony is just boiling water. How to make the tea room cool in the summer, how to make the tea room warm in the winter, the charcoal should be properly placed, it is good for boiling water, the tea points are Delicious, this is the secret of the tea ceremony.” There is no existing rules and Chen Nian in Li Xiu’s heart, and he constantly creates new tea interest from his heart. Contrary to the world style that pursued the pursuit of expensive tea props at that time, he used everyday utensils as a tea set, replacing the noble metal utensils with the common bamboo utensils of Japan, and finally collected any "names" in his life, but found that There are countless creations of "names". Almost every tea props he has selected, whether it is the water bowl of the farmer or the cracked bamboo, has become the treasure of the later generations.

Here are two stories about camellia (not camellia, which is a flower arrangement in the tea ceremony), which can reflect the artistic realm of Lixiu. The yard in the Lee Hugh House is full of morning glory. Once opened, it is really beautiful. When Hideyoshi learned about the incident, he instructed Lixi to prepare a tea party in the house to enjoy the full flower scene, tea and flowers, and elegant. As a result, he came to Lee Hugh House with great interest, only to find that all the flowers were cut off by Li Xiu. Xiu Ji was furious at the moment and rushed into the tea room to plead guilty. When he entered the tea room, he could not help but stay in the dim tick. There is a white morning glory in the vase, the dew is dripping, and the vitality is unlimited. Cut off a piece and leave only one flower, but the inner vitality of the flower is fully expressed. This is the meditation of Lee Hugh.

The other time was spring, a tea party, and Hideyoshi found an iron plate filled with water, and then took a large branch of plum blossoms, let Li Xiu perform a flower arrangement in public. Since ancient times, vases (Japanese tea ceremony called "flowers") are all tubular, where there is a flower arrangement on the plate, Hideyoshi is like a general in "Smart Hugh", and it is difficult to make a heart. The result was a break, no, it was Lee Hugh, calmly took the plum blossoms and smashed them, and the flower petals floated on the surface of the water. Then, the plum blossom branches were placed on the plate. Hideyoshi and the audience saw it, and for a time he was stunned and suffocated by the beauty created by Lee Hugh.

It is often said that the skill is at the extreme is the "Tao", and the "Tao" is achieved. Every move is nothing but a skill. Lixiu has reached such a realm. He tends to be more ancient and simpler in his later years. Unexpectedly, this has laid a tragic plot for his own destiny.

As mentioned earlier, Hideyoshi is a person who likes big scenes and likes to spread. Maybe he can make him forget his squat and feel the dignity of being a "world man". He is almost greedy pursuit of precious tea props, on status, The endless desires of wealth and life enjoyment are not tolerated. Although Lixiu did not have any dissatisfaction with Xiuji's various behaviors, his heart was very despised, and it was impossible to feel the wisdom of Hideyoshi. The day of Lee’s tea is on the rise of the day, and the prestige is in the world. It’s faintly overwhelming, and Hideyoshi is more and more jealous. If Hideyoshi and Lixi are the same cultural people who have no power and no power, then the final difference between the two is nothing more than parting ways. However, unfortunately, Hideyoshi is a ruler, a big guy who can make a decision in his life, so he is at risk.

At the time of Tianzheng Nineteen Years (1591), just four years after the Kitano Tea Party, Lixiu donated a mountain gate to the Kyoto Dade Temple--Jin Maoge. In order to thank the donor, Dade Temple placed a Lixiu on Jinmao Pavilion. The wooden figure, wearing a squat, pedaling sandals. As a result, the small things in this area have angered Hideyoshi. What do you want to take care of, is it necessary for everyone crossing the mountain gate to pass under your shoes? (In fact, the translation is: Isn't Yu Xiuji going under your stinky shoes?) So, ordered the laparotomy.

It is such a ridiculous reason that the so-called sin to be added is a ridiculous reason. The life of a generation of celebrities has to be put on a full stop. On February 28th, the 70-year-old Li Xiu, under the guardianship of 3,000 warriors, ended his career with a warrior (he was not a warrior). Before he died, he personally made a tea spoon. It was passed to the Aitu Gutian Weaving Department. Gutian was named as a tear, and it was preserved. Every time there was a holiday, tea was held. Use this tea spoon to commemorate it. (Who would like to take a break after 20 years, this is a postscript, press the table first)

Li Xiu’s peerless words are:

囲希希咄

Ancestral murder

The ancestral Buddha killed, this is the famous saying in "Linji Record". Lee Hugh continued to be brave and fearless in the last moments of his life. When he was self-sufficient, the thunder and lightning flashed, and the hail suddenly fell, as if the sky had eyes, and he was a strong man for the old man with the power of King Kong.

Li Xiu died, but in his confrontation with Hideyoshi, Hideyoshi is not a winner. The atrocities of Hideyoshi almost offset all his contributions to the development of Japanese tea ceremony and will always be reviled for future generations. He soon regretted losing such a good opponent who could match the wavelength of his thoughts. He did not have the pleasure of victory. It was only deep loneliness and loneliness.

In the 7th year after Hideyoshi’s killing of Lee Hugh on the grounds of a near-child drama, he also died in the frustration of the failure of the invasion of the Korean War. After another 16 years, the new ruler Tokugawa Ieyasu provoked a war against the Toyotomi family with a reason similar to the children's play. In 1614, Xiuji's remnant Xiu Lai presented a big clock to Jiakang, and the result was two sentences. The very ordinary wishing text "National Ankang, Junchen Fengle" was interpreted by Jiakang as the "home" and "kang", and the "Feng" and "Chen" were re-established as "Jun", so they launched the Daxie Winter War and the Daxie Summer War. The Toyotomi family has perished. Can anyone say that this is not the bad news that Hideyoshi killed Lee Hugh?

The second son of Qian Lixiu was detained by Xiuji the following year after Li Xiu’s death. He returned to Kyoto from exile, and his son Zongdan inherited his ancestral career and became an outstanding tea person. Among the four sons of Zongdan, the second son, Weng Zongshou, established a tea house official in the Wuren Road in Kyoto, and created a thousand homes for the Wuren Xiaolu. Sanzi Jiangzong left his tea room without review, creating a thousand family flow, four Zixian’s clan inherits the tea room of his retreat, and today he created a thousand homes. Three thousand families served local names in the Edo period, and continued to follow the authentic identity of the tea ceremony. Until today, they are still the three most popular schools in modern Japanese tea ceremony. (The horse plume has to be accompanied by the fourth... Hey, who is throwing the bricks?!) Three thousand families will carry forward the tea ceremony of Lixiu, which is the greatest consolation to Lixiu, and died compared to the second generation of Toyotomi. Hideyoshi under Jiuquan should also admit defeat.

Li Xiu Qi

During his life, there were countless disciples under the door. There were warriors and civilians. The most famous seven disciples were called "Lixi Qizhe" by the world. Among the Lie Qiqi philosophers, there are quite a few people who are famous in the glorious game.

According to the usual sayings of the tea ceremony, Lixiu Qizhe is: Pusheng's 郷, Hosokawa Sanzen, Putian Sweeping Department, Zhishan Supervisor, Gaoshan Right, Mucun Military Department and Gutian Weaving Department. When I see this list, some friends may jump and yell, right? The information in the glorious game is not like this. Indeed, in the glorious introduction of the characters of "The Stars" and "Gale of the Wind" and other materials, Lixi Qizhe is the seven people: Pu Shengshi, Gaoshan Zhongyou, Arakimura, Gutian Weaving, Hosokawa Chung Hing, Oda has a long and long Jinsen. One of the two lists, Hosokawa Sanzhai is Hosokawa Chung Hing, and the mountain is close to the mountain. In addition, the second list is more than Arakimura, Oda Nozawa and Kinsen, and there are no Putian, Zhishan and Mucun. In fact, from the perspective of introducing the tea people in the game, he is also more willing to use the latter list, because almost all of them are famous military commanders, but it must be said that the first list is from the information of the thousand families, authority Sex is obviously bigger.

Because it is difficult to choose, here is the wise decision, as long as the characters appear in these two lists, who knows the origins, I will introduce the introduction, how, value? (Moonwind language: I don’t want to pay more for the draft.)

First of all, of course, Pu Shengshi Township (1556-1595), a friend who has played a glorious game, probably did not know him. The guy has a very high ability in the game and is a very useful person. Speaking of it, Yu Xinxiang and his eight-year-old diplomatic relations, the relationship is very good, even the Miao characters are changed, did not see a township word? Hahahaha, in short, one word, iron! (Moonwind: You are nonsense, look at my arc moon 究 究 究 究 究 究 究 究 ) ) ) ) ) )

Pu Sheng's township brother (Taiwanese: Meat Ma!) The name of a military commander is much larger than that of a tea man. He is the nephew of the Hiroshi Kazuo Hiroshi of the Hirano Castle in the south of the country. He is attached to the name of the Hewlett-Packard in the Warring States Period. In the 11th year of Yonglu (1568), Oda Nobunaga has a foothold in the foot of the Izumi, Iris, Mino The people began the expedition of Shangluo, and the hexagrams that guarded the main road of the south bank of the lake, Mino, to the mountain city (the country where Kyoto is located) were the first to bear the brunt, and under the overwhelming attack of the woven field, they collapsed instantly. Hyun-soo is a hex-heavy minister who persuaded the protagonist to surrender to the letterhead. According to the practice of the Warring States period, he handed the scorpion crane to the Nobunaga as a hostage.

The clever and fascinating crane of the thousand generations was deeply loved by the believer, personally serving him, named Zhong Sanlang Fu Xiu, and later married his daughter Dong Ji. Since then, Chung Saburo has become the love of the Nobunaga. Since the beginning of Ise, he has participated in almost every battle of Nobunaga’s "Buddhist Buddhism" and is known as "the disciple of the Nobunaga." After the death of Nobunaga, he went out to Hideyoshi and continued to be reused. When Hideyoshi became Guanbai, he changed the name of Chung Saburo to "Hometown" and later gave him the name "Yu Chai" and appointed him as the coach of the Austrian Yu Raiders. His opponent is the "One-eyed Dragon" Yida Zhengzong who has dominated the Warring States of the State for several years.

Probably I am also afraid of the talents of my hometown. Hideyoshi will seal the town to Aizu away from Kyoto, and the territory will reach 920,000 stones. From the small Hino City of 60,000 stones in the past, to the seal of 920,000 stones, this is the township. The road to life, if he can live to the death of Hideyoshi, it will probably be the character of Tokugawa Ieyasu to take the world's headaches, and even the Tokugawa shogunate will be replaced by the Pusho shogunate. However, unfortunately, in 1595, At the age of 40, he died of an acute illness. Due to the sudden death, there was a rumor of "poisoning", and who was the poisoned person. So far, "Feng Chen Xiuji said," "Ishida Sancheng, and Zhijiang continued to collude." "Tokugawa Ieyasu said "Ida Masaru said" and other versions, just listen to the names of these suspects, you know that Pu Sheng left guardian rights to the hometown is a great figure.

Pu Sheng's Township is a versatile military commander. He studied the tea ceremony when he was a hostage in Oda, and he studied under the sorghum of the Bisaki-cho. Later he became the head of Li Xiu Zhe. His great contribution in the history of tea ceremony was to protect Li Xiu's second lieutenant after Li Xiu's death, and to subtly admire Hideyoshi, so that the second lieutenant can return to Kyoto to renew the thousand tea ceremony, as a thank-you, the Shaolin is the township in Aizu The design and construction of the tea room "Linge" is a classic building of the Wujia Tea Ceremony, which still exists.

The second place, Hosokawa Sanzhai Zhongxing (1563-1845). The maiden name of the sacred bear is the swearing man of the well-known diplomat of the Warring States, Hosokawa Hiroshi (Yi Zhai). Hosokawa Fujio is one of the highest cultural accomplishments in the Oda regime. Zhongxing is influenced by him and is also an elegant warrior. The wife of Zhongxing is the daughter of the wise Guangxiu, but after the light show launched the change of the Instinct Temple, Hosokawa and his son saw the situation, refused to join the show, and entered the umbrella of Yuchai Hideyoshi. Zhongxing followed Yuxiu to Kyushu and Odawara. Participated in the invasion of the Korean War. After Hideyoshi’s death, he was a member of the “martial arts school” and stood on the side of Tokugawa. As one of the main players, he participated in the Battle of Guanyuan. After the war, he was accommodated by 39,000,000 stone in front of Fengfeng, and died at the age of 83. It is considered to be a very intelligent person who has followed the trend in the troubled times of the Warring States.

Zhongxing may be the only one in his life to express disobedience to the master, and also related to Li Xiu. In the case that Hideyoshi has expressed obvious dissatisfaction and malice to Li Xiu, he did not evade, and specially escorted the teacher Li Xiu back to Jieshou. Seeing the sinister world, the cautious and careful military commander, in the feelings of Lee Hugh, shows the noble side of selflessness.

The next one, the high mountain right close friend (1549-1615), was a very special warrior in the Warring States period. In "The Stars" and "Gale of the Wind", his identity is both a tea man and a cut-off. Diocese was a Japanese translation of the Catholic Church. It was introduced to Japan in 1549 and quickly became popular among the people. Many famous names and generals of Kyushu and Kinki became believers. The alpine family is located in the country of Tsutsumi, not far from the border town. From the beginning of his father, he was affected and believed in Catholicism. His friends were baptized at the age of 12. In 1573 he became the owner of the city of Gaochun. In 5 years, 18,000 of the 25,000 inhabitants of the area were baptized as believers. In 1578, he reconducted with Araki Village, surrendered by the Nobunaga, and then fought with the Nobunaga. Later, he became a showman of Hideyoshi. He became a pioneer in the battle of Yamazaki who defeated the wise light show in Hideyoshi, and participated in the long-term hand of Miao Yue and Xiao Mu. Kyushu conquest and other battles. In 1585, the stone was sealed, and until then, his career was smooth and satisfactory.

However, when Hideyoshi saw the spread of Catholicism in the Kyushu conquest, he was deeply threatened, so he changed his policy of supporting mission and banned Catholicism. When the ban came out, the heavy friend was a cut-off, and he refused to change his position. He had to be unlucky. In 1587, Hideyoshi released the order with the Tianlian, and confiscated the territory of the heavy friend. The heavy friend turned to the former Tian Lijia and became a guest. He still refused to give up his missionary work and continued to open the church in the Maeda territory of Maeda. As a result, in 1614, the Tokugawa shogunate again issued a prohibition order to expel the dead hardliner and exile abroad. After heavy hardship, he arrived in Manila, Philippines. The following year, he died of fever. The local hosted a grand Catholic funeral and buried it in the local church. The fateful and faithful believer was finally returned to the Lord. His arms, may his soul rest in peace, Amen.

The fourth place, Araki Takes the village and pays attention to the village (1534-1586). The Araki Village is also a heavyweight, so it is close to the water and becomes the door of Lee Hugh. He was originally a member of Ikeda's Guardian, one of the guardians of Ikeda. After I was in charge of the Asahi, I was introduced by Hosokawa Fujio, and became the head of the Nobunaga. As the leader of the Nobunaga, I have eliminated Ikeda, Hotan and Itami for several years. The forces of these three guards became the lords of Tianjin. In the sixth year of Tianzheng (1578), Nobunaga held a tea party in Antucheng. Only 12 people in the family were eligible to participate. The village was listed among them, and it was equivalent to Xiuji and Guangxiu. In the Oda government, he and Hosokawa Fujio, wise light show and called the three major cultural people, can be described as both civil and military.

In the first year of the Yuan turtle (1570), the long-term sect of the Nobunaga and Shishan Honganji (in the Jinjin) carried out a 10-year stone mountain war. As the forefront of the generals, the village is of course participating in the war. After years of stifling, the tenacious apostle has always felt a headache for the letter, so he adopted the hunger tactics of blocking the Hongyan Temple and finally forced the Zongsong peace talks. In the sixth year of Tianzheng, the village representative on behalf of the No. 1 and the Honganji Temple negotiated, and did not achieve results, and the village saw the horror of the apostles who had been hungry all over the place, and they were given a rice of about 100 stones. To the suspicious letterhead, he was suspected of having acted against the enemy, and he was alienated from then on, and the village was disgusted with the cruelty of the Nobunaga. In September of that year, the village finally raised the flag of rebellion, and the result was flattened within a month. He left his wife and children and fled with a cherished tea prop.

After the loss of the village weight, renamed the road smoked, as a tea person spent the second half of life. After Hideyoshi took power, he was recruited. In many records of the tea party, you can see the name of the tea. The tea party in April 14th (1586) is the last time. In May of this year, the village is heavily smoked. The disease died, at the age of 52. Is it the glory of the first half of life as a singer, Oda, or the latter half of the tea? I am afraid this problem will only be known to him.

Keep up the good work, the next one, Oda has a happy longevity (1547-1622). Oda is a younger brother of Nobunaga, who was only 5 years old when he was inherited. As a close relative of the Warring States hegemony, he has no interest in politics. Instead, he is very fond of tea ceremony and become a high-profile person. In the tenth year of Tianzheng (1582), he was also in Nijo Castle. As a result, the Nobunaga, the eldest son of the Nobunaga, and many of his family members died. He did not know how to escape. Therefore, he was ridiculed by the people of the world. Do not care. Later, Hideyoshi and Shibata’s sons each supported the son of Nobunaga for hegemony. As a family of Oda, he was indifferent, as if he had nothing to do with him. By the time of Hideyoshi’s victory, he naturally became the courtier of Hideyoshi and played an important role in Hideyoshi’s tea ceremony. In the blink of an eye, Hideyoshi also passed away. He was the uncle of Hideyoshi’s survivor Xiu Lai (Xiu Lai’s mother, Dian Ji, is the niece of the letterhead) and stayed in the city of Toyotomi. However, at the time of the Battle of Guanyuan, he participated in the Tokugawa side. Afterwards, he returned to Datun City like no one else, but provided the information of Dafangfang to Jiakang.

In the city of Daxie, there is a silent attitude of Le Zhai, which is indifferent to the attitude of the old ministers of Toyotomi, Ohno, Kimura and others.到了1614年，家康发动大坂攻击战，有乐斋又在临阵之前从大坂城开溜。结果，在秀赖和他的重臣大野、木村、以及真田幸村、后藤又兵卫等人拼力死战，一个个死去的时候，他老人家却在京都悠闲的饮茶。以后在京都东山度过了悠闲的余生，得享75岁的高龄。两个儿子都是德川幕府下的大名，家族一直延续到江户时代。虽然在光荣的游戏中当然会成为无能的武将，但是他却凭着这份无能，活过了战国乱世，许多比他优秀的多的武将却做不到这一点。

金森长近(1524-1608)也是织田丰臣系统的武将，是信长亲卫队“赤母衣众”的一员，立过不少战功，受封飛騨一国。好啦，就这么多。(台下：什么，这么少？而且好像是照抄《烈风传》的介绍嘛，西红柿扔他)且慢且慢，也罢，再说几句：长近是秀吉的茶头之一，他使用的名茶道具，根据《山上宗二记》的记载，叫做“宗阳肩冲”。长近的儿子可重、孙子宗和也都是著名的茶人，尤其是宗和。利休的门徒中很多都是武士，这些武士的茶道被称为“武家茶风”，一般认为，武家茶风的正宗是沿着利休-古田织部-小崛远州的顺序传承的，而武家茶道的另一个重要传承，就是金森可重-宗和-土屋宗俊。

上面介绍的六人，都是在《信长的野望》游戏中赫赫有名的武将，而第一份名单中列出的瀬田掃部、芝山監物、牧村兵部这三个人，却默然无名，俺费尽心思也没能找到这三个人的相关资料，只好按下不表。(嘘声大作，声望值-1000)

集中精力，俺要讲一讲茶道意义上利休的真正大弟子，利休七哲中成就最高的一人，古田织部重然。

古田织部(1544-1615)，是利休之后天下第一的大茶人，利休生前就曾经说过：能继承我的道统的，只有织部。他本人是出入战阵的武将，因此与内敛、纤弱的利休茶风不同，他的茶道风格是雄健、明亮和华美的。他继利休之后侍奉秀吉，秀吉让他把利休的平民式茶道改造为武家茶道，织部于是在仔细研究了老师的茶风后，进行了改革。这些改革往往是从细小的地方入手，很难三言两语说完，比如在茶道具上，利休指导建造的乐窑生产出的茶碗，一般都形状匀整，表面光滑，色彩单一，体现了谦和、内向的风格。而织部指导修建的织部窑生产出的茶碗，却歪斜不一，表面疙疙瘩瘩，人称鞋型碗，而且数色并用，组成大胆奔放的图案，表现了自由、豁达的风格。可以说，利休的美是静态的，而织部的美是动态的。

织部在秀吉之后，侍奉德川幕府的二代将军秀忠，声望很高，被视为利休衣钵的传人。然而，未曾想到的是，他也继承了老师的悲剧宿命。

前面说过，1614年，德川家康发动大坂战役，欲致丰臣氏于死地。织部对于旧主秀吉的遗孤秀赖大概多少流露出一些同情，结果家康认定他里通丰臣势，命令他剖腹。此时，古田织部也已经71岁了，他与老师在22年前时一样，没有做任何的辩解，从容赴死。

如果说利休因为艺术观点上的歧见被有浪漫的艺术气质的秀吉命令剖腹，是一种艺术之死的话，织部被毫无风雅兴趣的家康命令剖腹，就是一种彻底的政治之死。艺术家死于政治，这是人类文化最大的悲哀之一，然而人类似乎总是不能避免这种悲哀。

最后提一句，古田织部重然在《烈风传》中也有出场。不过比起前面那几位，他的能力数值实在有点……惨不忍睹。政治50多，竟然是最高的。其它武力、采配、谋略三项，竟然没有一项过20，四项相加，总共只有96点，可以排进《烈风传》10大废物之列，光荣实在太不懂得风雅为何物了。俺知道有些朋友对于能力值低劣的武将一向是杀无赦，拜托诸位，看在古田织部是一代茶道宗师的份上，玩《烈风传》再见到他阁下时，千万刀下留情，而且最好收入帐下，给他一口闲饭吃。

战国时代的其他名茶人

除了利休七哲以外，在光荣游戏中出现过的名茶人还有很多，大致可以分为两类，一类与利休七哲类似，是修习茶道有成的武将，如大友宗麟、有马丰氏、泷川一益、松永久秀等人。

另一类是商人，而且基本上是当时最富有的巨贾，界港的今井宗久、津田宗及，就是武野流的代表茶人，与利休并称三大茶匠，共同侍奉秀吉。另外，界的住吉屋宗無；博多的神屋宗湛、島井宗室，京都的長谷川宗仁，都是豪商兼为茶人。这类商人茶人除了推广茶道方面卓有贡献外，由于他们把持南蛮贸易，因此直接控制了唐物名茶具的来源，在他们的哄抬之下，唐物茶具价值连城，成为大名、武将竞相追求的目标(其中以信长的名物狩最为有名)，他们固然从中大捞了一笔，不过倒也从另一个侧面带动了茶道的繁荣。(茶道经济学？)

限于篇幅，无法对以上的茶人做一一的介绍，不过下面在说到茶道具的时候，还会涉及他们的名字。

江户茶人

江户幕府时期，茶道仍然十分盛行，除了三千家的代代相承外。还有几位茶人，不可不提。

第一位是古田织部的弟子小堀遠州(1579-1647)。他是三代将军家光的茶道师范，本身也是一个大名。小堀遠州是日本历史上一位非常了不起的艺术家，最为重要的贡献是开创了日本庭园艺术的新格局--“借景式庭园”，即借助庭园之外的自然风光来映衬庭园的布局，其中最为经典的建筑是桂离宫，被称为日本庭园艺术的最高代表。

片桐石州(1605-1673)是四代将军秀纲的茶道师范，他制定了武家茶道的规范《石州三百条》。石州流作为武门茶道的正统，严肃、庄严，在江户时代十分流行，茶人辈出，其中最著名的一个，哈哈，恐怕诸位打破头也想不到。提示一下，此人也在光荣游戏里出场过。

光荣以江户幕府时代为背景的游戏，大概只有《维新之岚》系列了。幕末开国，是日本历史上可与战国相并论的一段风云，其间涌现的英雄豪杰数不胜数。有这么一位，出任幕府大老，顽固坚持护幕锁国，兴安政大狱，残酷迫害尊王攘夷志士，人称赤鬼，被尊攘志士视为头号死敌，后世史学家列为幕末头号反动派。哈哈，俺所说的石州流第一茶人就是他--凶名在外的幕府大老井伊直弼(1815-1860)。

在出任大老，走到历史前台之前，井伊直弼是作为传统武士的典范存在的，刀马娴熟，同时擅长茶道、连歌、汉学。曾经长时间隐居山中，专心参禅学茶，写下了茶道史上极为重要的经典《茶汤一会集》。书中提出了现代茶道的两个基本概念“一期一会”和“独坐观念”。

“一期一会”就是指每次参加茶会，主客均须抱持此会今生不可再有的心情，尊重一分一秒，认真对待一时一事，从每一次茶事中获得生命的充实感。“独坐观念”指主人在客人走后，不应急于收拾，而应独自坐在茶室，追思今日种种，想到此日不会重演，心中泛起茫然之情，又涌起充实之感，这样茶事才算功德圆满。

这样一位卓有成就的茶人，却在世俗的政治生涯中勘不透盛衰天数，对无药可救的德川幕府愚忠到底，成了历史前进的一大阻碍，最终被不可阻挡的时代洪流吞没。安政六年(1860)3月3日，水户浪人、尊王志士关铁之助会合水户、萨摩浪人共18人，趁大雪漫天，一举将井伊大老刺杀于觐见途中，世称“樱田门事变”。这一惊天动地的大事变，极大的动摇了幕府的统治权威，振奋了倒幕志士的士气，司马辽太郎在小说〈幕末〉中也说：历史上暗杀这种行动从来没有过正面的作用，樱田门事变却是仅有的例外。

井伊的悲剧，是艺术家与政治沾边造成的另一种类型的悲剧。政治家的井伊直弼和茶人的井伊直弼，虽然同在1860年3月3日这一天在地球上消失，但那一个能够在人们的记忆中停留的更长远，恐怕又是一个难以作答的问题。

名物目录

在介绍完历史、游戏中出现过的灿若群星的茶人之后，俺要介绍一下游戏中花样繁多的“家宝”茶器。首先，要澄清一些基本的概念。

茶事中使用的茶道具经过400多年的演化，种类极其繁多，其中最具有艺术和美学价值的，也是最多在游戏中出现的，主要有：茶釜、茶入和茶碗。

茶釜，就是茶事中烧水用的锅、壶，在茶人的手中，创造出了千姿百态的艺术珍品。日本的芦屋、天明、京都，是三大茶釜产地，游戏中有“xx芦屋”“xx天明”名字的茶器，就是产自这两个地方的名物。据说茶釜没有两个是完全重样的，全部是手工制作，和劳斯车一样。松永久秀的“平蜘蛛”就是非常名贵的茶釜。

茶入，是盛浓茶粉的小罐。茶事中要点两种茶：浓茶与薄茶，前者浓稠如粥，后者浓度近似咖啡(好家伙，比中国茶可酽多了)，其中浓茶是茶事的关键。因此茶入也是最为重要的茶道具之一。茶入最早来自于中国，据说是中国人盛放火药的容器(！)，也有说是中国人盛头油用的(有名的“初花”茶入据说就是杨贵妃用过的油盒，真是天晓得)。茶入分为“唐物”和“和物”，战国时期，主要还是使用从中国少量进口的唐物茶入，因此十分珍贵(有商人抬价嘛)，拥有一定级别的名唐物茶入，是武将身份和权势的象征。即使到了江户幕府，茶入仍是地方大名与将军家关系疏近的证明物。盖只有德川一族或者谱代重臣，才有将军下赐的名贵茶入也。

茶碗，顾名思义，喝茶的碗也。这是茶道具中品种最多、价值最高、最为考究的一种，甚至被作为所有茶道具的代称。茶碗是陶制的，因此直接体现了日本陶器工艺的最高成就，非常著名的“乐窑”、“织部窑”、“志野窑”出产的茶碗，就是在名茶人的直接指导下，由能工巧匠生产出来的极品和物茶碗。除了和物茶碗外，茶碗的另外两个重要来源是中国的天目山建安窑和高丽国。前者被称为“天目茶碗”，是茶道中最早使用的茶碗，十分名贵，但随着利休等人逐渐将茶道引向朴拙自然，天目茶碗不再流行，现在已经极少使用(价值却与日俱增)。而高丽茶碗实际上就是高丽民间的饭碗，十分简单粗糙，但在利休等大茶人眼里，却恰好体现茶道的本质，因此被大量的使用。高丽茶碗的代表是井户茶碗。

除了茶釜、茶入和茶碗外，茶道具还有：

壁龛用：挂轴、花入(插花瓶)、香盒

烧水用：风炉、地炉、炉灰(垫在炭下起炉底作用的草垫子)

添炭用：炭斗(乌府)、羽帚、釜环(可装卸的茶釜把)、火箸、釜垫(垫在釜下隔热用的)、灰器(盛灰的)。

点茶用：薄茶盒，茶勺，茶刷、清水罐，水注(就是带嘴儿的水壶)，水勺、水勺筒、釜盖承、污水罐、茶巾、绢巾、茶具架等等

林林总总数十种，涉及陶器、漆器、瓷器、竹器、木器、金属器皿等等。可以说茶道具集中反映了日本手工业的总体成就。

下面说说茶器名中常常出现的“肩冲”和“茄子”，这两个指的是茶釜或者茶入的形状式样，“肩冲”是上宽下窄的样子，诸位想想范志毅的体形，知道为啥叫肩冲了吧。“茄子”，顾名思义，菜市场上的茄子诸位想必都是见过的，就是那个形状。茶釜、茶入的式样还有很多，如富士(富士山形)、六角、丸、鹤首、手取(带柄的)、文琳、芋头、内海、桥姬等等，前面提过的“平蜘蛛”，也是茶釜的一种式样。“肩冲”、“茄子”的样式简单，大概出现的年头比较早，所以名器就多一些，其它很多式样，到江户时代才创造出来。

所以一说xx茄子xx肩冲，不是茶釜就是茶入，绝对不会是茶碗。

茶道数百年来，创造和发现了无数茶道具的珍品，历代茶人爱惜茶道具之心，是非常虔诚和执着的，一个茶碗，往往伴随一个茶人终身，并且传之后代，上面的每道裂缝、每个凹凸、甚至是茶垢的痕迹，都会被茶人视为天然的赐物，不做修补清除，任其原样(哎呀，连茶垢都不擦，好不卫生呦！)。茶事中的一项内容，就是欣赏茶事中使用的茶道具，这是体现茶人艺术鉴赏能力的重要方面。手捧古物，细细观赏它的色彩、纹路、历史风雨留下的点点斑迹，追思当年创造了它的巧匠名工、使用过它的前辈茶人，会感到茶具仿佛也有了生命和魂魄，在把往事沧桑娓娓道来。

如同国际珠宝界将知名的宝石登记造册一样，历代茶人也将珍宝茶具列出名录、详细记载一件名茶道具的由来、取名、使用者的传承、逸话等等。根据通常的惯例，一般将名茶道具做以下的划分：

大名物：是指足利义政时期搜集的名器，当时义政曾经将这些名器作过编录，称为东山御物，主要以唐物为主，此外，名物中的极珍贵者也可称为大名物。

名物：原指利休时代选定的名器，如利休从乐窑茶碗中选出的利休七品。后来也泛指大名物、中兴名物以外的名器。

中兴名物：指小堀遠州和石州流名茶人松平不昧选定的名器

光荣游戏中出现的茶器，都是战国时代即已被承认的名器，属于上述大名物或名物的范围，又以前者为主。下面就对其中的部分名品做一个简单的介绍：

“九十九发茄子”和“平蜘蛛釜”

首先将这两件茶器放在一起介绍，一是因为它们都非常珍贵，是“国宝”级的极品，二是因为它们都与战国时候一位重要茶人有关。

松永弹正久秀(1510-1577)，被称为战国第一的“奸雄”，阿波出身，原是京都西冈商人，后来出仕三好长庆，成为重臣。他使用阴谋手段毒杀长庆英武勇略的继承人义兴，又唆使长庆亲手杀害弟弟安宅冬康，立无能的义继为嗣，从而篡夺三好家的实权。他最大的恶行是唆使三好三人众杀害了将军足利义辉，被天下人视为大逆不道之人。

久秀虽然心如毒蝎，却有极高的文化素养，他收集了许多珍贵的茶器，并把它们用于政略。当信长以拥护足利将军的大义名分制霸畿内之时，本来要杀掉他以报将军义辉之仇，他却投信长所好，送上了两件极其名贵的宝物：茶入“作物茄子”(即“九十九发茄子”)和名刀“天下一振吉光”，从而保住了领地和性命。“九十九发茄子”是唐物中的极品，因珠光以99贯买入而得名，许多人都认为其为战国时代的第一名品。

虽然做了信长的下属，但久秀的野望始终在等待着勃发的良机，天正五年(1577)，信长陷入毛利、本愿寺和上杉三大势力的夹击，尤其是“军神”上杉谦信的“上洛”锋芒几乎牵制了信长的全部精力。久秀终于按捺不住，在居城信贵山城扬旗谋反，结果，这次他失算了，信长军的潜力超出他的估计，信贵山城很快就陷入了被重重包围的绝境。信长此时又给了他一个生机，因为他手里还有一件信长梦寐以求的国宝，就是俺已多次提到的“平蜘蛛”茶釜。

非常意外的是，久秀这次却不知为何犯起了牛劲，宁死也不肯交出“平蜘蛛”，与他的一贯性格完全背道而驰，如果是往常的他自己来评价这个决定，大概也只有“愚蠢”二字吧。信长军攻进了山城，久秀做出了平生最后一个出人意料也非常不符合茶人身份的举动，他在“平蜘蛛”中装满了炸药，然后引爆，将这件国宝与自己一起炸得粉碎。信长小儿，你可以毁灭我的一切，但你永远得不到“平蜘蛛”啦，这种毒辣的报复方式倒是满符合久秀的风格的，但是，丝毫没有爱惜茶器之心，真是有辱茶人的身份。

“天下三名壶”：“松岛”、“松花”和“三日月”

叶茶壶是“书院茶”时代的重要茶道具，也是“东山御物”中的一个重要组成部分。“三日月”就是将军义政的秘藏之一，因表面有七枚大瘤，形似倾斜的蛋黄而得名，几经转手，终于落到信长的手里。“松岛”则是由今井宗久进献给信长的，因形似名胜“松岛”而得名，同时献上的还有绍鸥名物之一的茶入“绍鸥茄子”，也是名品。“松花”则是珠光的爱物，辗转为信长所得。“三名壶”齐聚于信长一人之手，正体现了信长气吞六合的威势。不料，本能寺的一场大火，不但毁掉了信长的梦想，也烧毁了“三名壶”中的两品“三日月”和“松岛”。只有号称价值四十万石的“松花”得以幸免，后来又为秀吉所继承，最后成为了江户时代尾张德川家的家宝。

战国时期有名的叶茶壶还有“四十石”，因义政家臣以四十石土地交换来而得名，秀吉曾评论它：“三日月、松岛逝后，此物天下第一”。(“四十石”压倒了四十万石)

“天下三肩冲”：“新田”、“初花”和“楢柴”

这三件茶器均是唐物茶入，“新田”是珠光发现的名器，“初花”据说是杨贵妃的油壶，是“东山御物”中的一品，义政以其姿态高贵如初放之花而命名。秀吉在宫内茶会上就使用过这两件茶器。而“楢柴”是从博多町传入的，由岛井宗室转让给九州大名秋月种实，秀吉九州征伐时，秋月家靠进献这件家宝保住了家脉。

与“初花”相对应的，“东山御物”中还有一品“迟樱肩冲”，因其发现的比初花晚，义政就以《金叶集》中的名句为它命名。

流传之茶器

这是世人给九十九发茄子取的绰号，形容其转手次数之多。实际上，另外一件与九十九发茄子价值不相上下的大名物松本茶碗，更当的起这个绰号。

“松本”是室町中期茶人松本珠报使用的茶碗，因而得名，自珠报之后，它转手的轨迹是这样的：松本珠报→阿河治部丞淡路盛胜康→大内义兴·义隆→藤田宗理→海贼遭难→大富善好→相良武住→相良义隆→相良义长→安宅冬康→天王寺屋宗柏(即津田宗柏)→住吉屋宗无→织田信长，短短几十年里，转手了十几次。

信长的“名物狩”

从上面的介绍中可以发现，最著名的茶器，往往落入织田信长的手中。这固然与信长制霸京畿的威权有关，但也是因为信长对于搜集名茶器有着超出寻常的爱好。在他征服天下的过程中，始终不遗余力的用尽种种手段搞到茶器，越是闻名、越是昂贵，他越是非弄到手不可，史家为他这种行为专门起了个名字“名物狩”。

信长对于名茶器、尤其是“大名物”的兴趣要远远凌驾于他对于茶道本身的兴趣之上，这其中的动机何在，是后世史家的难解之谜。有人认为他是通过重新搜集散落各地的东山御物的方式来宣示织田政权取代足利幕府、重新建立统治秩序的权威性和正统性，这倒不失为一种比较合理的解释。

信长的疯狂收集取得了丰富的战果，根据统计，他总共搜罗到的名茶器达到220品之多。界町商人·茶人津田宗及记录信长为庆祝战胜本愿寺举行的一次茶会，提到这次茶会使用的名物有：挂轴烟寺晚钟、叶茶壶“三日月”、茶入“九十九发茄子”、茶碗“白天目”“道三茶碗”、茶釜“乙御前”、水指“占切”、香盒“平手合子”，无一不是稀世珍品。

信长的“名物狩”在乱世之中保护了不少文物精品，算是他对茶道的一个贡献，然而，他的非情之死，却使得他收藏的茶器遭到一场空前浩劫。在本能寺的熊熊烈火中消失的，除了前面提到的“三日月”、“松岛”外，还有“白天目”、“势高肩冲”、“珠光小茄子”、“货狄”等名品。其中的“珠光小茄子”是信长的至爱，由于舍不得将它赐给重臣泷川一益，甚至加封一益一国两郡的领地，可见此物在他心中的价值，这下倒好，一把火，烧个干净。

信长搜集的名物茶器，除了毁于本能寺的之外，还有相当部分保存在居城安土城。安土城落入明智光秀之手，由其婿秀满镇守。光秀山崎败死的消息传来后，秀满转移到明智居城近江坂本城、将安土焚毁，但所有的信长留下的珍品都被安全的护送到了坂本。坂本落城之前，秀满将这些宝物连同明智家传的茶具、名刀、书画等等一起，整理编录，移交给围城的秀吉部将堀秀政，然后焚城自杀。比起松永久秀的恶劣死法，秀满的这份爱茶之心成为后世的佳话，而信长的这部分收藏，也终于得以保全。

名物“利休七品”

前面提到过“乐窑茶碗”，乐窑，是在利休的指导下建造的日本第一个专门为生产茶道具而设计的陶窑。首代工匠长次郎是当时第一流的陶匠，从他开始，乐窑出产的茶碗一直是历代茶人最高的追求，现在乐窑已经传到了第十四代吉左卫门，其作品售价之高，一般人根本不敢问津。根据色彩的不同，乐窑茶碗又分为“黑乐茶碗”和“赤乐茶碗”。

在长次郎的作品中，有七件为利休所特别喜爱，被称为“利休七品”或“长次郎七物”，是乐窑茶碗的代表作。包括黑乐大黑、黑乐钵开、早船、宝舟等。