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1 Concept of Releasing Chickens Restocking chickens are methods of rearing chickens in orchards, fields, meadows, and mountains after they are defrosted and cultivated within 1 to 2 months. In general, relatively open, gently hillside or hilly areas are selected, and simple poultry houses are constructed. During the day, chickens can feed freely, feed artificially in the morning and evening, and rest in the poultry house at night. In areas with relatively warm southern climates or in summer and autumn in the north, chickens can be fed with some insects and grass seeds. Chickens and eggs are delicious, and they are popular with consumers and can be sold at a good price. At present, some regions with advanced production technologies have also proposed the concept of “ecological chickensâ€, that is, ecological technologies are the core, and three-dimensional planting and breeding are the characteristics. Within a relatively closed ecological system, animal production will be produced through feed and fertilizer. Animal breeding should be rationally combined to establish a benign substance cycle, achieve comprehensive utilization of resources, pay attention to ecological environmental protection and increase farmers' income, and strive to maximize the comprehensive benefits.
2 Advantages of laying chickens The location of the forest garden is remote and has a large area, which is conducive to the prevention of chickens' epidemic prevention. The flocks are free to move in the woods and feed on a large number of weeds and wild ants. This will not only protect forests from insect infestation, but also make full use of natural ecological feed to reduce the consumption of drugs and energy that are increased due to intensive farming. The rational use of land resources and the return of chicken manure to the field not only alleviates the serious environmental pollution caused by the farming industry, but also reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers used in the forest land. Chicken manure contains protein and other nutrients, which can be used as a medium for insects and insects in forest gardens. The nutrients of other animals provide rich protein feed for chickens and save production costs. The chickens bred in forest gardens are of high quality and pollution-free, with unique flavor and high economic benefits. The breeding of chickens can improve the quality of the soil, change the single agricultural production structure of the current production area, achieve the combination of planting and breeding, and form a comprehensive benefit. The pollution-free high-quality broilers produced by grazing and feeding methods represent the production direction of local chickens in China. This will give full play to China’s natural resources, promote industrial restructuring, promote agricultural efficiency, increase farmers’ income, and improve the agricultural ecological environment. Positive effect.
3 Economic Benefits of Releasing Chickens According to surveys, in Liaoning, the price of chickens is 15 yuan/kg; in Beijing, fast chickens are 7.6 yuan/kg, while three yellow chickens are 10 yuan/kg, and Chinese court yellow chickens are 32~ 40 yuan/kg; in Guangdong, fast chicken is 8.5 yuan/kg, pure chicken is 24~26 yuan/kg, which is 2 to 3 times faster than fast chicken; in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, fast yellow chicken is only 5.8~6.5 yuan/kg, while local grass chickens in northern Jiangsu reached 15~18 yuan/kg, nearly 2 times faster than fast large chickens. Similar situations occur in other parts of the country.
4 Breeding Chicken Breeds The selection of chicken breeds should be based on the adaptability and market demand of the chicken in the forest garden. Generally, it is more than 75% of local breeder chickens (such as reed chicken, nine pounds of yellow chicken, etc.) or local chicken breeds with strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, strong foraging ability, resistance to crude feeding, tender meat, and delicious taste. Hybrid chicken species. And to consider the market demand, choose the best variety of marketable varieties, the best choice for the regular units to cultivate excellent varieties of chicken. At present, most of the peasant households in Liaoning are stocked with local chickens and laying hens. One of the reasons is that the current residents' concept of consumption in poultry reflects the change in demand for “small families requiring small poultryâ€. Another reason is that the stocking of forest land and garden land is itself a combination of stocking and supplementary feeding, and the application of fast-large poultry species. Due to inadequate nutrition, it may not achieve the desired growth effect, or even cause a loss.
5 The selection of venues for laying chickens should be kept away from livestock trading venues, livestock and poultry slaughterhouses, processing plants, chemical plants, and waste disposal sites to avoid air, dust, water, bacteria, and noise pollution. Choose a grass hill or grass slope that is sheltered from the wind, has a relatively flat terrain, and does not accumulate water. There should be a forest or an orchard next to it. The shade of the trees should be more than 70% so that when the sun is strong, the birds can cool down under the shadow of trees to prevent the heat stroke of the birds. In addition, photosynthesis of forest trees absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, which can reduce the impact of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and chlorine emitted by chicken excrement, and improve the immunity of the flock to achieve a pollution-free eco-culture effect with less drug use and no drug residue.
6 Construction of brooding houses and sheds
6.1 Brooding Shelinyuan chickens generally have a large number of animals and it is indispensable to build a brooding room. The area of ​​the brooding room is determined according to the amount of feeding, and is generally calculated as 30 chicks per square meter. The sterilization, temperature, and humidity of the brood chamber are controlled in the same way as normal chicken breeding.
6.2 Sheds According to the number of chickens, garden terrain and area, near the garden can be built plastic greenhouse sheds or transform the old buildings into chicken houses, sheds on both sides of the house about 1.5 m high, cover the hair and grass, chicken house construction The area is calculated as 8~10/m2. In order to prevent chickens from being beaten by the wind, sun exposure and accidents, they are also conducive to immune flocking operations. Shelves must be provided with feeding troughs and drinking water equipment so that chickens can be housed during bad weather, rain and snow, etc. to avoid long-term hunger and thirst because of inconvenient feeding.
7 Feeding Management Techniques in the Restocking Phase
7.1 Stocking Density and Scale The scale of breeding should be compatible with the resource conditions of supporting use. If the scale is too large, it will exceed the capacity of carrying the resources, but it will not reflect the ecological effects it deserves. Stocking densities should be based on the principle of dilution should not be dense, generally 200 to 300 stocks per acre of woodland. Insufficient density of grasses and other bait is insufficient to increase the amount of concentrate feeding, affect the taste of chicken and eggs; the density is too small, resources are wasted, and ecological benefits are low. The size of stocking is generally 1 000 to 1 500 per group, and all-in and all-out systems are adopted.
7.2 Selection of stocking time The stocking period was comprehensively determined based on the woodland feed resources and the age of young chickens. Grazing is generally selected from the beginning of April to the end of October. During this time, weeds in the woodland and insects, ants and other insects thrive, and the birds can eat enough ecological feed. In other months, from March to March of the following year, rearing was mainly based on captivity and supplemented by grazing.
7.3 Stocking and Management
7.3.1 Grazing and cultivating will pay close attention to weather changes. In the event of abrupt changes in the weather, it is necessary to promptly return the flock to the coop before raining, snowing or strong winds to prevent the chickens from suffering from cold. At the beginning of stocking, grazing takes place 3 to 4 hours a day, after which the grazing time increases day by day. When feeding, whistle, drums, etc., are trained to form a conditional reflex and conform to people's wishes.
7.3.2 Common breeding young males have a slower growing feathers and stronger fighting strength. At the same time, they have a higher utilization rate of proteins and lysine in them. Therefore, the weight gain is faster and the feed efficiency is higher. In addition, the cockerel is strong, Strong competition ability. The hens, due to differences in endocrine hormones, have a strong ability to deposit fat and thus have slow weight gain and poor feed efficiency. The parent and female parenting, each listed on the appropriate day of age, facilitates the implementation of a suitable gender-based feeding and management system, which is conducive to improving uniformity and commodity rates.
7.3.3 Divide Rotational Area Generally, 3 to 5 mu of forest land is divided into a pastoral area. Each pastoral area is separated with a nylon net. This will not only prevent the infestation of chickens, weasels, etc., but also bring infectious germs to humans, which is beneficial to management. It is also conducive to the establishment of the food chain. When there is a shortage of grassworms in a pastoral area, the flocks are rushed to another pastoral area for grazing. The male and female chickens are best divided into different pastoral areas for stocking. In the period when the number of chickens is small and when the grassworms are insufficient, they can not be partitioned.
7.4 Feeds fed on technically scaled-release chickens still rely mainly on human supplies, while wild omnivores only serve as supplements. Large-scale stocking flocks are large and their range of activities is limited, so chickens cannot get enough omnivorous food and must feed a certain amount of full-priced feed to ensure the healthy growth of chickens. If the stocking chickens do not eat enough for a long period of time, the phenomenon of feathering, anal fistula, hair removal, stagnation, stunting, and egg production stop will also occur.
Since most of the stocks used for breeding chickens are local chickens, their growth rate is slow, so the nutritional level of feed used should not be too high. In the chicken stage, the chicks are used to feed the chickens produced by the non-polluting feed manufacturers. In the medium and large chicken stage, the non-pollution rice, the rectification and the green leaves are mixed in a certain proportion. In order to increase the taste and flavor of the chicken, the feeding period should be appropriately extended to control the slaughter time. Generally, the quality of the slaughter is best when close to maturity.
8 Sanitary control measures for chicken rearing
8.1 Disinfection of disinfection sites, houses, and appliances is an essential technical measure to ensure the safe production of chickens. The base has established a strict disinfection system and is responsible for special personnel. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting the sports grounds and chicken houses, the chickens were slaughtered after the slaughter. The main disinfecting drugs include Consumers' Syndrome, 100 poisons and other low-toxicity and high-efficiency broad-spectrum disinfectants.
8.2 The use of veterinary drugs for veterinary drugs is directly related to the quality and safety of pollution-free quality chickens. Strictly comply with the requirements of the Catalogue of Drugs Prohibited for Use in Feed and Animal Drinking Water and the List of Veterinary Drugs and Other Compounds Banned by Food Animals, prohibit the use of illicit drugs and unapproved drugs, and permit use of drugs and drug additives. Strict implementation of the use of provisions and withdrawal period provisions.
8.3 Anti-epidemic restocking Chickens Although the constitution is more robust than caged chickens, they only have low mortality rates, fewer common diseases, and similar susceptibility to infectious diseases. The omission of major epidemic prevention epidemics often leads to a loss of effectiveness. It is imperative that epidemic prevention be carried out for several important infectious diseases. In particular, epidemic prevention of several infectious diseases such as chicken Marek’s disease, bird flu, and Newcastle disease is essential. General areas can refer to the following immunization procedures: 11-day-old Marek's disease liquid nitrogen vaccine; 27-day-old Newcastle disease and transmission of multi-valent freeze-dried vaccines and oil seedlings used simultaneously; 314-day-old caster seedlings; 420 days Age-old new double seedlings; 525-day-old bursa vaccine; 635-day-old fowlpox and bird flu oil seedlings are immunized at the same time; 755-60-day-old Newcastle disease I-line, if it is already For more than 100 days, bird flu oil seedlings should be supplemented and replenished once, but they must be sold after 15 to 20 days so that oil seedlings can be fully absorbed. For laying hens, there should also be: 8110 days of new branch of the second drinking water and the new cut triple vaccine injection; 9120 days of bird flu oil seedlings; 10230 and 350 days of the new branch of the second seedlings drinking water once; (11) Injection of 280-300 days old bird flu oil seedlings. Other types can be based on the prevalence of local diseases to determine whether immunity.
8.4 Common parasitic diseases and their prevention and control of stocking and rearing methods also have drawbacks. Because many insects, such as the intermediate host of chicken parasites such as grasshoppers, ants, houseflies, and cockroaches, chickens are susceptible to parasitic diseases after foraging, leading to major economic losses. For this reason, the prevention and control of parasites in broiler chickens should be strengthened.
Common parasites in chickens are chicken lice and chicken tsutsugamushi. Preventive measures: Active prevention is the key to preventing parasitic diseases. The specific measures are as follows: 1 After 20 to 30 days of general grazing, the first insect repellent will be carried out, and the second insect repellent will be conducted 20 to 30 days apart. Deworming mainly refers to the removal of parasites in the body, such as aphids and aphids. Carbofuran, levamisole or albendazole can be used. For the first time, each chicken was mowed with half a tablet, and the second one was chicken with one tablet. In the evening, it can be taken orally or powdered into powders and fed with the whole feed for dinner. Be sure to mix the drug and feed carefully, otherwise it is prone to drug poisoning. The next morning, check the chicken droppings to see if there are any excretions. Then remove the chicken droppings to prevent chickens from eating insects. If adults are found in chicken dung, the next day's dinner can be repelled once with the same dose, in order to completely remove the insects. 2 Frequently clean up the excrement and bedding in the perch house, and place fixed fermentation to kill the eggs. 3 strengthen feeding and management. Keep chicken coops dry, ventilated and regularly disinfected regularly. Frequently observe the flock dynamics to achieve “early detection and early treatmentâ€; prevent chickens from being exposed to rain and pests; reasonably adjust the quality of concentrates and enhance the body's resistance. Once a parasite has been found, timely treatment must be taken.
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Comprehensive supporting technology for large-scale stocking chickens
In recent years, with the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s concept of food consumption has undergone a fundamental change, and the requirements for the quality, taste, nutritional composition, and safety of meat and eggs have become higher and higher. Large fast-growing broilers produced on large-scale chicken farms can no longer meet the special needs of consumers. The local chickens stocked are mainly surrounded by wild forests. They feed on grain omnivores and farmland grasshoppers. The chickens produced are full of game and nutritious. Safe, pollution-free, and pay attention to ecological protection, control of environmental pollution, much favored by consumers. This paper proposes corresponding comprehensive supporting technologies for large-scale stocking chicken production.