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China's Transgenic Soybean Patents Have Been Thrown Afterwards
Since its opening in 2002, the implementation of the National Patent Strategy Promotion Project has been implemented for three years. Through the three years of meticulous work of the State Intellectual Property Office and local intellectual property offices, this significant project has been achieved. Phased results. Through three years of work, the development of the project combined with industry and industry development has closely studied the patent strategy. Some projects have achieved significant economic and social benefits, and have become a part of the local government, relevant industrial departments and policy authorities. Policy basis. In addition, some work plans on patent strategies have also been incorporated into local medium and long-term development plans. Here, this newspaper has opened up a special column entitled "Phased Achievements in Patent Promotional Projects" to share its achievements and experiences with readers. Soybean is an important global economic crop and oil crop. It is also an important vegetable protein resource and edible oil resource. It has great potential for development. Because of the low production cost, high efficiency of herbicide resistance, simplified weed management, reduction of pesticide poisoning by humans and livestock, and improvement of oil quality characteristics of soybean, GM soybeans have developed rapidly with the improvement of biotechnology level in the mid to late 1990s. Broadly speaking, genetically modified soybeans are insect-resistant, herbicide-resistant, and improved soybeans and processed products that have been developed through the combination of modern biotechnology or modern biotechnology and conventional breeding to introduce foreign insect-resistant genes into soybean plants. The nutritional qualities of soybean traits such as soybean varieties. In recent years, China’s soybean imports have soared. Imports have soared from 1.1 million tons in 1996 to 11.31 million tons in 2002, an increase of more than 10 times. The import amount has soared from US$320 million to US$2.48 billion. 7.5 times. Has become the world's largest soybean importer. The United States and Japan’s patent application for the world’s leading genetically modified soybeans began in the 1980’s. From 1980 to 1995, the patent was in its infancy, and between 1995 and 1998, it began to rise. From 1997 to 1998, the U.S. patent applications for genetically modified soybeans were greatly improved, and the world's patent applications for genetically modified soya beans produced a small “peakâ€. The world's top three patent applications for genetically modified soybeans were the United States, Japan, and China, which accounted for 92% of the total number of patent applications in the field. Among the top ten organizations in the number of patent applications, all were monopolized by organizations in the United States and Japan, reflecting the strong R&D capabilities of the United States and Japan. The order of the GM soybean research and development institutions that have grown up since the 1990s is: Pioneer Advanced Breeding International Inc. of the United States and Steine's Seed Agricultural Corporation (started in 1993), the Research Fund of the University of Iowa and the Asker Species. Industry companies (started in 1995) and Decca (started in 1997), these companies and universities became the emerging forces for the development of GM soy technology after the 1990s. China's steady growth The United States and Japan have the earliest research and development of genetically modified soybeans. The United States has led all other countries since 1995. Japan has been ahead of the United States in the number of GM soybean patent applications from 1980 to the mid-1990s. In 1998, the number of patent applications in Japan was overtaken by the emerging GM soybean patent giant, China. Since China obtained the first patent for genetically modified soybean in 1985, it has basically maintained a steady development trend. In 1985, China applied for five patents. By 1995, it had been growing at an average rate of 4 applications per year for 11 consecutive years, and it had entered double-digit growth since 1996. This shows that although China started late in this field, it has entered a stage of stable development. However, the number of genetically modified soybean patent applications in China only accounts for about 10% of the world's patent applications. There were a total of 146 GM soy patent applications filed in China and accepted, including 44 foreign patents entering China through the PCT international phase, accounting for 30% of the total number of GM soy patent applications in China. In addition, domestic universities, research institutes, companies, and individuals applied for 102 patents in this field, accounting for about 70% of the total number of applications for genetically modified soybeans in China. In the total number of GM soy patent applications in China, foreign applications account for about 30%, while the number of domestic applications is about 70%. There are 44 foreign patent applications filed in China and accepted, of which 20 are GM soybean patents that belong to the United States, accounting for 46% of the total foreign patent applications filed in China. Applications for genetically modified soybeans that have been accepted from China are mostly service inventions. Among them, Heilongjiang Province is the main producing area of ​​soybean in China, and the number of GM soybean patent applications ranks first in the country, reaching 14 cases. Beijing gathered a large number of scientific research institutes and colleges across the country and applied for 13 GM soybean patents, ranking second in the country. Jiangsu Province applied for seven patents, ranking third in the country. According to the life cycle theory of a certain technology, from the perspective of the number of patents applied, the biotechnology has matured and its technology life cycle should be in the stage of later maturity. Experts suggest that for the current status of the development of genetically modified soybeans in China, experts suggest that we should align ourselves with leading foreign counterparts and upgrade our research and development level. Specifically, we should pay close attention to the research progress of foreign counterparts. We should pay special attention to the research trends of DuPont. We must strengthen the cooperation with foreign companies such as DuPont and Pio-neer HiBredInt and strive to introduce their best biotechnologies for my own use. The research institutions of genetically modified soybeans in China should strengthen cooperation with enterprises. The breeding of varieties should take the road of industrialization, strengthen the multidisciplinary cross-border relations, organize joint research, and speed up personnel training. In addition, in terms of national policy, experts also recommended strengthening the biosafety management of genetically modified soybeans, strengthening the biosafety risk assessment of imported genetically modified soybeans, and establishing national mandatory standards for genetically modified soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal, as well as genetically modified soybeans and their processing. Soybean oil and soybean meal should be comprehensively and affixed with logos; in terms of policies, we should be inclined to develop our traditional soybean planting industry, and support and accelerate the development of the traditional soybean industry as an important measure to respond to WTO challenges and develop agricultural industrialization.