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1.1 The seeds are too full, or they are nursed with seeds that have been bolted ahead of time (commonly known as gunpowder seeds, [flowers] seeds or fire seeds), and are easily bolted before transplanting.
According to the experience of farmers, the seedlings of Angelica sinensis require very strict seeds. Different seeds are used to bred different seedlings. Head and ear seeds, old and ripe seeds, and waxy seeds are used. Some growers even mix the seeds of bolting knots in advance to leave the seeds. After sowing, all can easily bolting. And under the same cultivation conditions, (flower) seedlings bolting period than the remaining seeds 10-15 days ahead, bolting rate of 30% -40% higher. Due to the mature seed, (flower) seed, and head and ear seed are all the seeds with strong development, it is an important basis for the formation of large seedlings and strong seedlings, and has the conditions for development in stages, which accelerates the qualitative change in vernalization and illumination stages. , so the bolting rate is high.
1.2 To grow seedlings too early, make the seedlings grow too long, the seedling roots are too large, too heavy, too nutritious enough to develop into bolting strains in advance.
Angelica seedlings growth period is generally 90-110 days, 100 fresh weight 40-70 grams. Seeding nursery is generally from mid-June to mid-July, between the summer solstice and the great heat, sowing is more appropriate, generally from the start to the middle of October, that is, cold dew, frost falls, the temperature dropped to 0 °C, the seedlings gradually entered the dormant period The seedlings can be stored and ready for transplanting in the coming year. If the nursery is too late, the fertility period is too short, the nutrients are insufficient, the seedlings are tender, and they are easy to be rotten and difficult to store for winter. Therefore, after the appropriate sowing date has been mastered, it is appropriate to broadcast several days late.
1.3 Seedling size and early bolting related to large seedlings, fork seedlings, old seedlings and wintering seedlings in the field, the late seedlings have to accept the vernalization stage, winter cold conditions, easy to bolt ahead of schedule. Transplanting, with seedlings suitable for seedling age, bolting rate is low in advance, the use of large seedlings is a high rate of bolting, for this purpose, Yao County farmers and more use of seedlings less than 0.50 cm in diameter. However, the size of the seedlings should correspond with the seedling age. If the seedling weight is very small, the seedling ageing but the young seedlings still have a high rate of bolting; on the contrary, the seedlings with large seedlings and very small seedlings are rarely bolted.
1.4 Cultivation conditions also affect bolting drought, thin, lack of fertilizer, low mountains, shady slopes, flat land planting, early planting, serious diseases and pests and other external conditions, can easily lead to accelerated development of the two stages of Angelica plant development and bolting in advance, In the individual development process of Angelica sinensis, there are obvious stages. When it is transferred from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, ie, bolting and flowering, it must go through the vernalization and illumination stages. The main developmental condition in the vernalization stage is the low temperature of 0-5°C; the main development condition in the illumination stage is long daylight of over 12 hours. When the environmental conditions such as water, fertilizer, and temperature are superior, the vegetative growth of the plant predominates and the development process is delayed accordingly. When the environmental conditions are unfavorable to its growth, the plants will be transferred to the reproductive growth stage earlier, and bolting and flowering will be established in advance. This is an adaptation of the plant to environmental conditions.
1.5 The seeding density also influences the amount of sowing in advance. Usually, the amount of sown mussels is 4–5 kg and sometimes as much as 7.50 kg. If the seeding rate is too small, seedlings are thin and thin, it is easy to grow into large seedlings and fork seedlings, and the number of seedlings is small. The bolting rate is high in advance. If the seeding rate is too large, the emergence will be too dense. Although there are many seedlings, the proportion of seedlings that cannot be used is high, and most of them do not meet the requirements for transplanting seedlings. After planting, they are not easy to survive, or they survive but return to slow green. Therefore, the seeding rate should be adjusted according to the germination rate.
2. Prevention and control of Angelica ahead of time bolting According to the causes of early bolting of Angelica sinensis, specific measures can be taken to control it. The main measures are:
2.1 Starting from the stage of development is the main condition for controlling the qualitative change of the stage. Starting from the stage development, as long as the normalization of the vernalization stage or any stage of the lighting stage is carried out, it can control the role of bolting in advance. It is easier to control vernalization in production than to control lighting. Since the vernalization stage of control can be carried out during storage in winter, seedlings are more concentrated and easy to carry out. When storage seedlings are first sterilized, the storage seedling humidity is controlled at 60% to 65%, and the temperature is preferably -7 to 10°C.
2.2 Starting from the nutritional conditions, control the size of the seedlings according to the fertility condition of the soil, apply less or more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and control the diameter of the seedlings at 0.20-0.50 cm.
2.3 Take comprehensive measures to control the three production stages of storage, seed collection and nursery.
When the seeds are left, they will be removed from the main moss at the beginning of the current moss to promote the development of a large number of basal branches, forming the majority of equal growth stems, in order to reduce the individual differences between seeds, so that the degree of seed development is relatively modest and uniform. The aspect is to control the maturity of the seed, and it is necessary to select mature mature milk seeds for seed retention by means of phased harvesting.
Storage temperature is controlled at -7-10 °C. At the same time improve the conditions of nursery, so that the weight of 40-70 acres, seedling diameter of 0.20-0.50 cm, or change the cultivation system, live in autumn, winter or spring, solar greenhouse transplanting and other methods can prevent Angelica ahead of bolting.
2.4 Advocating self-cultivation and self-cultivation For the time being, nursery seedlings are still cultivated mainly in uncultivated land, and some farmers in Sichuan can only buy seedlings from the market, or seed seedlings, but the seeds and seedlings purchased from the market are of unknown origin. To ensure that the rate of bolting is low, it is best to keep seedlings and grow seedlings every year. If you purchase from the market, it is best to contact acquaintances to ensure that seedlings and seeds with a low rate of bolting are present.
Causes and prevention of premature bolting of Angelica
1. Reasons why the angelica bolted ahead of time