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The new "brain reader" is based on the cerebral cortex covering the microelectrode grid, directly touching the patient's thoughts by electrode contact and analyzing the information emanating from the brain, and finally allowing the patient to "speak"
According to foreign media reports, aphasia or Lugrig disease (also known as motor neuron disease) is a strange disease that is very difficult to treat. Its clinical signs are concentrated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, that is, the patient's active nerve atrophy, and finally the hands and feet are cold, becoming a veritable "gradual frozen person." For most patients with Lug Grieg disease, losing their ability to express themselves is undoubtedly the most unfortunate fate they face.
But recently, there are scientific reports that scientists are working on a new type of "brain reader." The principle is to cover the microelectrode grid in the cerebral cortex, and to directly “read†the patient's thoughts through electrode contact and analysis of the information emanating from the brain, and finally let the patient achieve “speakâ€.
Scientists say that the patient's brain is actually completely awake, but that the signal in the brain cannot be output through the neurons. The October edition of Neuroengineering elaborates on how this “brain reader†“reads†the patient's brain.
It is reported that patients with severe epilepsy in general need to check which part of the brain is damaged before surgery. The standard procedure is to first open the skull, then load the button-sized electrode into the brain, and wait until the part that needs to be removed is removed.
First, the experimenter needs to place the micromotor grid in multiple places on the body. The grid consists of a platinum wire and a silicone resin. There are 16 microelectrodes in a grid, each of which is less than 1 cm in diameter, which greatly reduces the burden on the brain. In theory, the microelectrode grid of the facial motor cortex and the language center of the tester plays a decisive role in speech. So the researchers connected the two parts to the computer and performed data calculations while experimenting. While the computer is reading the brain, the experimenter repeats a string of everyday simple words. Finally, the researchers collated the recorded data and paired each text with the corresponding brainwave signal. For now, the correct pairing rate is between 28% and 48%, which is far from the ideal 90% match rate of the researchers.
Therefore, despite the idealized view, it is possible to assemble a "brain reader" to convert brainwave information and language into each other. But the brain is a complex structure, and the current number of electrodes is not enough to cover all the brain information, nor can it distinguish the subtleties. For example, in terms of the word "yes", it has many meanings in itself, and it is difficult to refine the distinction.
At present, the research team is also planning a larger and larger capacity test, hoping that continuous research can achieve breakthrough results, and then let more "aphasia" patients "speak" their wishes.