The large potato planting area has brought difficulties to planting and harvesting. The peasants are eager to use machinery instead of the arduous draught or small-scale farming machines, the traditional seeding methods of artificial seeding, and the traditional harvesting methods such as manual excavation or plowing with animal power and plowing with small machines. Potato mechanized cultivation and harvesting techniques are important. First, choose to sow. The mechanized sowing of potatoes is the use of agricultural machinery to complete soil ploughing, fertilizing, sowing and other compound operations. Suitable implements are mainly ploughing and fertilizing combined operation machines matched with small four-wheel tractors, and the deep-applied chemical fertilizers are granular, and farmers are not accustomed to applying powdered chemical fertilizers. To choose a site that is convenient for mechanized operations. The cutting of potato stalks can save seed potatoes and the cost is small, but it is easy to infect diseases. Therefore, the cutter must be sterilized with lime water, salt water or potassium permanganate solution. Seed germs should be germinated. When 80% of buds start sprouting, cut the potatoes. Reasonably use each bud on the tuber to cut into triangles. The size is about 40 grams. The cuts should not be too thin or too small, otherwise it will affect the emergence and is not conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. . Before the planting, mechanical equipment debugging and a pilot test at a certain distance are required. The machine tool is first adjusted to the horizontal state, the seed potato block is added into the seed box, and fertilizer is added into the fertilizer box. The depth of the seed fertilizer is adjusted by the height of the depth wheel, and can also be adjusted by the length of the hydraulic lift arm on the main engine. The size of the sowing amount is adjusted by replacing the sprocket that drives the lift chain. The smaller the sprocket, the larger the sowing amount and the smaller the sowing amount. The amount of fertilizer is adjusted by changing the effective working length of the outer sheave. Until all debugging is completed, you can sow. Density of mechanical sowing operation, according to different types of equipment to adjust to fit. Fertilize the farmyard manure as base fertilizer and apply urea, superphosphate or diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride as required. When the small four-wheel tractor travels at a constant speed, the tractor is required to be straight and uniform, uniform in depth, uniform in depth, well-grounded after cultivating, well-grounded after cultivating, and neat in the field, with no parking or reversal in the middle, and avoiding rebroadcasting. Occurrence of missed broadcast. Second, field management. Seedlings in time after weeding, loose soil to promote root development. When the plant grows to 20 centimeters, the first cultivator will cultivate the soil and remove the weeds in the field. Looking at the growth situation at the seedling stage can be followed by urea. When budding, depending on the circumstances, it is necessary to carry out the second cultivator to cultivate the soil. The growth-poor plot can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a small amount of urea on the water. Potato late blight is a common disease, and 25% metalaxyl WP is used to control water spray during bud bloom. Third, mechanical harvesting. Potatoes are mechanized and harvested. When most stems and leaves of potato plants in the field are dry and tubers stop expanding and are easily detached from the plants, field operations can be carried out using a harvesting machine, which can be used to complete excavation, potato soil separation, and post-machinery potato dumplings in three steps. , save time and labor. There are two types of models that are compatible with small four-wheel tractors and walking tractors. They can be used as needed. The operation requires that the dry stems and leaves of the field must be removed and the plot cleared before harvesting. When a machine digs at a constant speed, it cannot be dug or dig, nor can it be regressed. The requirement for high rate of clear potatoes, low rate of damaged potatoes, high net cutting rate, and high work efficiency of machine tools. In order to speed up the progress of harvesting, several farmers who want to focus on contiguous farms are grouped together to unify their excavation operations and dig one line and one line to pick up one line. The 4UM-40 potato harvester developed and produced by Huzhu County Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station has a clear potato rate of more than 96%, a damaged potato rate of less than 3-4%, and a net excavation rate of more than 97%. The performance indicators basically meet the requirements. The current drawback of this aircraft is that if it encounters continuous lye during the harvest season, and the humidity in the field is high, the residual stems and weeds left in the soil will bring difficulty to the excavation harvest, and it needs to be improved.
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