Pomegranate garden cultivation management method

Pomegranate is a small deciduous tree or shrub. Its fruit is sweet and sour. It is nutritious, has rich nutrition, and has important medical and health care functions. It is deeply loved by local people. The fruits are hanging and the sticks are curled up. The ornamental value is very high. Pomegranate leaves have strong adsorption capacity for sulfur dioxide and lead vapor, and can purify the air. It is a good greening tree species in factories and mines and living environment. Due to its strong ornamental qualities and easy shape, it is also an important tree species for important bonsai fruit trees. In addition to fresh pomegranate, can be processed pomegranate juice, fruit wine, is a high-level cool drink. Pomegranate has strong adaptability, early flowering, high yield, convenient management and long economic life. Therefore, pomegranates are cultivated in the garden as special fruits and ornamental trees. It can not only increase household income, but also beautify and purify the living environment. It has important development prospects.

Pomegranate garden cultivation management method

1. Pomegranate is a subtropical and temperate plant. Warm and happy weather conditions, severe frost damage occur at -17°C in winter, and the microclimate environment in the courtyard is relatively good, and it is easy to prevent cold. Therefore, the northern boundary of cultivation can be properly moved northwards. However, it cannot be cultivated in areas that are too cold in winter.

2, pomegranate hi light, happy temperature, when planting to choose warm, good light, no shade, can be courtyard north, east, west and courtyard in the middle of planting, and leave the building 3-4 meters, south wall The north side should not be planted.

3, pomegranate is a shrub species, the crown is shorter, smaller diameter, the general tree height in 2-5 meters, diameter 3-4 meters. In the planning, the crown is tall and the number of planted plants is less; the growth is weak, the canopy is short, and the number of planted plants is more.

4, scientific choice of species. With greenery and ornamentals as the main choices, you can choose to watch the variety or both ornamental and fruitful varieties. With a small number of large fruit-type robust varieties. In order to produce fresh fruit, it is necessary to develop large-fruited, high-quality and strong varieties and a small number of plastic and dual-use varieties according to market needs. In the outskirts of the city, we should also pay attention to the staggered maturity period, and more varieties planted before the National Day and the Mid-Autumn Festival; areas far away from the city and inconvenient traffic should develop varieties that are resistant to storage and transportation, and focus on the New Year's Day and Spring Festival markets.

5, pomegranate self-flowering rate is low, should pay attention to configure the pollination tree, therefore, in a courtyard to plant less than two varieties, and be able to pollinate each other.

Third, cultivation management technology

1. Planting: Pomegranate can be planted all year round, but planting in the fall or early spring is the most appropriate. The autumn in the south is better, and the spring in the north is better. Before the planting, the soil in the courtyard was deep-ripened and the debris such as sandstone and bricks and tiles was removed and replaced with fertile soil. The depth was about 50 cm deep. Before planting, planting pits shall be excavated according to the planting site, with a pit depth of 40-60 cm and a length and width of 0.6-0.8 m. 25-50 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to the plant and mixed with the topsoil and then backfilled to ensure that the water is irrigated. Strict selection of roots with complete roots, rough stem diameters, smooth shoots, high quality seedlings with sprouted eyes, and cut flat root cut wounds are recommended. After infiltration, the tree cover covers the mulch.

2, soil fertilizer management

(1) Soil management: A tree disc with a diameter of 1 meter is left under the tree. In areas where the soil temperature is too high in summer or where the cement is hardened, organic materials (straw, oyster husk, sawdust, etc.) can be covered with tree trays, or weeds (planted lawns) can be planted in tree trays to cool and moisturize and promote normal growth and development. Without covering or grassing, the tree trays are 3-4 times per year for cultivating and weeding, and the cultivating depth is 5-10 cm.

(2) Fertilization: After planting the seedlings in the year, the monthly harvest of the tree trays will be a small amount of fertilizer every month from May to July, and each plant will be poured with 1-2 kg of decomposed manure water plus a small amount of urea. Before the fall leaves, dig a ring ditch and apply organic fertilizer 20-30 kg. From the second year to the full fruit period, basal gully was applied once a year in the ring ditch, and compound fertilizer and decomposed manure water were applied in the tree plate hole for 3-4 times. The amount of fertilizer was adjusted according to the yield. At the same time, during the growing season, attention was paid to foliar dressings. Nitrogen fertilizers were predominant in the early stage and phosphorus and potash fertilizers were dominant in the middle and later stages. The total concentration of fertilizer solution did not exceed 0.3%. The top dressing can also be sprayed with biogas or decomposed manure.

(3) Irrigation and drainage: The key period of the irrigation of pomegranate is mainly the three stages of the germination stage, the fruit expansion stage and the deciduous stage. It is appropriate to maintain the soil moisture at 60-80%, and other periods are mainly based on soil moisture. Pomegranate is not resistant to drought, in the growing season should pay attention to drainage, to prevent the soil and tree plate over long periods of water, causing damage.

3, plastic trim. Pomegranate shaping. Pomegranate trees like light, garden pomegranate shaping that is to consider the characteristics of the growth of pomegranate, but also have a certain degree of ornamental nature, the most commonly used tree shape is no trunk trunk or no trunk dry tree, the main "V" shape, naturally happy Shape and so on.

The principle of pomegranate pruning is: physical and immortal, intangible and unintelligible, so that the next thin dense, thin outer dense, large branches and dense branches, to ensure adequate light within the crown. The winter shears are mainly sparsely cut and long-distanced, mainly eliminating cross-over overlapping branches, densely growing branches, disease-disease branches, prosperous long branches and leggy branches so as not to disturb the tree shape. During the growing season, the germination of excess sprouts is erased to reduce excess nutrient consumption. The first three to four years after planting were dominated by plastic surgery. From the third year onwards, some auxiliary branches were treated with ring-cut treatment to promote their flowering results. The initial result tree should continue to improve the cultivation of all kinds of backbone sticks and the allocation of the result sticks while promoting the results. The mixed buds (flower buds) of the pomegranate are born on the top or near the top of the mean tree branch. Therefore, for these short branches, the mother branch should be kept as long as possible, and short cuts should be prohibited to use the result. If there is space available for strong Wang branches and legged branches, girdling, circumcision, or pulling branches should be carried out to ease the growth and promote the flowering result; the useless space or the decisive evacuation that has affected the backbone should be eliminated. In full fruit period, it is necessary to retract or rotate the renewed branches in a timely manner, properly retract the drooping branches, rationally use strong twigs, remove thin and weak branches, and densely maintain branches, maintain a good tree structure, and postpone senescence.

4, pest control: Garden pomegranate pests are generally lighter. Prevention and control of pests and diseases are mainly based on prevention and manual control. After falling leaves, dry branches, diseased branches, and fallen leaves are collectively cleaned and removed. Spray 5Be lime sulfur mixture before germination to kill overwintering pests. During the growing season, pests, branches, leaves, and fruits are often manually removed, and the lesions are scraped off; artificially caught pests and egg masses. If necessary, spray pesticides for sterilization and chemical control. When spraying, choose bio- and mineral-free pesticides or low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides that are non-toxic to humans and livestock.

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