Picking and Seed-picking Technology of Chinese Cabbage
The so-called Chinese cabbage axillary bud cutting and picking is the separation of axillary buds of a certain size that have passed the vernalization stage and the mother. The cuttings are cut under suitable conditions, and after the roots become mature, the fields are set, so that the seeds are planted and blossomed, and the axillary buds are cut and seeded. Expanding the multiple seed reproduction rate, the selection of cabbage plants to be implemented, and accelerating the speed of pure varieties, the results are very good. First, the choice of parent plants to choose the parent plant of Chinese cabbage should be before the harvest in the autumn, on the basis of detailed investigations in the field, according to the established breeding objectives for individual plant selection. The selected mother plant not only has the characteristic characteristics of this species, but also should be a robust single plant with clear roots and no compact ball. Second, the cellar vernalization Harbin region in mid-October, the mother plant harvest, after drying for half a month, into the cellar vernalization at the end of October. During vernalization, the temperature in the pit should be adjusted to about 0-2 degrees. After entering the cellar, cabbage should be poured 3-4 times in a timely manner. Before the end of December, we must pay attention to the heat of cabbage, and after entering the following year in January, we must pay attention to the freezing of cabbage, so that the parent plants of Chinese cabbage successfully passed the vernalization stage. Third, warming and germination Axillary buds are the basis of cuttings or the development of new plants. The growth and germination can promote the growth of axillary buds, form large bud cuttings, and increase the survival rate. In the Harbin area from late February to early March, the mother plant of vernalization is taken out of the pit and placed on a suitable temperature of 20-25 degrees and under the appropriate temperature to germinate and germinate for 10-20 days, when the axillary bud is about 3 cm long. It is appropriate. According to the practice of 2 years, the axillary buds are large, the roots are fast, and the survival rate is high; the axillary buds are small, they are not easy to root, and the survival rate is low. About 3 cm survival rate of axillary buds is 90%-95%. The external axillary buds are small, the hair roots are slow, and the survival rate is low. Therefore, we should try to select the big buds of about 3 cm and the internal and internal axillary bud cuttings. Fourth, cutting bud cutting 1, matrix formula: There are a variety of cutting matrix, according to the results of the last two years, with carbonized rice husk and coarse sand best. The matrix was sterilized at a high temperature of 1:1. This formula is characterized by axillary buds with fast rooting, orderliness, high rooting rate, well-developed root systems, dense roots, and dense roots. 2. Cutting method: In Harbin, cuts can be made in mid-March. (1) cut buds. Using a sterilized cutting knife, cut the old root of the mother plant, leave a little shortened stem, and plunge the part of the pith. The leaves will cut off about 2/3, and will help lift outwards, from inside to outside. The axillary bud shortening stem together with the help cut (not to hurt the axillary bud), help cut into a wedge-shaped ladder, generally each plant can cut out 30-40 cuttings. (2) hormone treatment. With 2000 PPM of sodium or potassium nicotinate, root formation was promoted. (3) Cutting. The bud wedges were inserted into the matrix at a row spacing of 55 cm. The axillary buds were mostly buried in the matrix and the buds of the buds were exposed on the top. (4) Cover film. After the cuttings are covered with plastic cloth, warming and moisturizing to facilitate hair rooting. 3, seedling management: (1) cutting management, axillary bud cuttings, we must focus on strengthening the management of temperature and humidity. The above-ground temperature should be kept at about 20oC, and the maximum should not exceed 25oC. When the underground temperature is maintained between 18-20oC, the air humidity should be maintained at 80%-90%, and the topsoil should be promptly watered. In addition, when the axillary bud becomes green and long, it is necessary to timely remove the film to cool and prevent roasting, and after rooting, combine the watering with nutrient solution 1-2 times to promote new root growth. (2) Transferring seedling management. After the axillary buds have been rooted and have a robust and well-developed root group, the seedlings can be transplanted. The area of ​​nutrition bowl is 1010 cm. The management indicators for temperature and humidity after transplanting are still based on previous standards. At the same time, every 3-4 days with 0.2% -0.3% of the compound fertilizer water spray once and timely soil loosening promote seedling root growth and development, seedling management 15-20 days. V. Field management 1. Planting period: In the premise that the seedlings are free from frost damage, timely planting will be carried out in due course. In the Harbin region from late April to early May, open cultivation can be carried out. The spacing is 6050 cm. 2, picking vegetables: When the young main stem bolting 10-15 cm, start picking the heart, collateral length of more than 10 cm and then continue to pick up the heart, so 2-3 times to promote multi-branch side branch. At the same time, to eliminate the first open flowers to reduce nutrient consumption? After pollination, the species began to expand the top of the heart to pick up the top, remove the main branch of the top branches, in order to increase the rate of cockroaches, to promote the expansion of seed cocoon, the seeds are full and early maturity. 3, fertilizer and water management; after planting to strengthen fertilizer and water management, timely irrigation, increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer. Apply 20 kg of diammonium per acre, 0.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, apply a total of 2 times, and timely control of aphids. 4. Stage seed collection: In the Harbin area, the picking period can be entered in the middle and late June. Seed production should be carried out in batches in stages to prevent seed bursting and loss.