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Onion Four Seasons Cultivation Technique
The traditional cultivation methods of welsh onion are mostly summer harvest and winter storage. In order to achieve a balanced supply of welsh onions, scientific and technical personnel improve breed management techniques and apply some simple facilities (small sheds, greenhouses, simple solar greenhouses) by cultivating varieties with strong adaptability. The green onions can be cultivated throughout the year to achieve better results. This article uses the northern part of Henan Province as an example to introduce the four season cultivation methods and management techniques of Welsh onion. 1 Variety selection Four seasons cultivation requires selection of varieties that are cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, heat-resistant, highly adaptable, long-lasting, and long-lasting, and are free from tillers, such as Chinese giant onions, stalks of onions (high white) or local farmers' varieties of whip poles. Onion varieties not suitable for four seasons cultivation. 2 Cultivation methods from November to March, sowing in simple solar greenhouses, broadcasting in flat rice, and marketing of small shallots from March to May. In the middle and late 23rd of this month, the plants were planted in small arch sheds, sowed in the flat, and listed in June. It can also be transplanted in mid-June and marketed or stored in winter from October to November. The planting seedlings were planted in open field in early July, planted and transplanted in the middle and late June, and exposed in winter. The buds were removed from March to April in the following year, and green onions were available from April to May. Seedlings were sown from July to August, transplanted from early September to the beginning of November, and planted densely (plant spacing 3cm). The field was exposed to winter, and flower buds were removed from March to April in the following year. Shallots were marketed from May to July. Seedlings are planted in the middle and late of the month of the month and the wintering of the seedbeds will be overwintering. The young will be listed on March and April of the following year. Seedlings are planted in the middle and late months of May and transplanted in mid-April of the following year. Harvested shallots will be marketed from July to August, or transplanted in June, and marketed and stored in winter from October to November. From late July to early September, sowing in solar greenhouses, occupants in mid-October, December to February of the following year. 3 Management Techniques 3.1 Winter and spring seedbed management Before winter, the seedlings should have 2 to 3 leaves. According to the temperature and soil moisture, one overwintering water should be poured before freezing, and then a layer of cooked farmyard fertilizer should be covered to ensure the safety of the seedlings. In the spring, the temperature rises, and the seedlings enter a period of rapid growth. The first time is between 1 and 2 seedlings, and the seedling distance is about 3 cm. The second is combined with water 2 to 3 times topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, each 10 ~ 15kg/667 square meters, to promote the rapid growth of seedlings, or small green onion market or cultivate robust seedlings for transplanting. 3.2 Summer seedbed management Summer nursery is in high temperature and rainy season. The key to management is to do a good job of three preventions, prevent pests and diseases, and prevent grass damage to prevent grass seedlings. Before sowing, after sowing, every 667 square meters with 33% weeding through 100ml spray closed soil, combined with artificial weeding 2 to 3 times, completely eliminate weeds. Three waterproof stains, seedlings to do drought can be poured, can be arranged, can not be seedbed water. 3.3 Apply enough base fertilizer before transplanting and apply 6,000kg of high-quality farmyard fertilizer, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 667m2. Generally, 1/3 of the total amount of basic fertilizer is withdrawn, and 2/3 of the total concentration of ditch is applied. When transplanting, seedlings should be graded. Large and small seedlings cannot be mixed. Shallots can be properly planted, row spacing 60 ~ 70cm, spacing 3 ~ 4cm, made of onion market, then spaced 80cm, spacing 5cm. After transplanting, timely cultivating loose soil and flat ridge should be adopted, and the compaction should be promoted to promote root growth. Combined with water-saving topdressing NPK fertilizer, top-dressing 30 kg at 667 m2 can be cultivated in a timely manner depending on the growth of seedlings to promote the formation of light blue. 4 Diseases and Insect Pest Control 4.1 The main underground pests are earthworms, cockroaches, and onions. In the soil before the cultivation, combined with basic fertilizer, 667 square meters with 3% of phoxim granules 3kg, when transplanting concentrated in the planting ditch. The duration of the damage caused by green onions is generally from mid-April to early June and early September to early November. The larvae can be used to irrigate the roots with 50% phoxim 1000 times solution, which is very effective. .4.2 The pests on the ground mainly include cabbage caterpillar, green onion thrips, leaf miner and red spider. The control of cabbage caterpillar can be used 10% cypermethrin EC 20 ~ 40ml, 2.5% EC killing EC 15 ~ 25ml, 20% speed kill Ding EC 10 ~ 30ml, spraying water. Control onion thrips, leaf miner can use 50% Dimethoate EC 1000 times or phoxim 1000 times liquid, extermination and killing 4000 times liquid, speed killing Ding 1500 times liquid spray. Prevention of spider mites killing with 1000 times liquid spray. 10 days before the start of the market, stop the medication. 4.3 Diseases Welsh onion diseases mainly include rust, purple spot, downy mildew, gray mold, black spot, etc. The main prevention and control measures include increasing farmyard manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to ensure the plants grow robustly. Diligently cultivating and loosening the soil, spreading moisture, and draining water in time after rain, regulate the microclimate in the field. Small water pouring, to prevent flooding irrigation. Control methods: rust use 25% Triadimef 2000 times; purple spot use 50% carbendazim 500 times; downy mildew use 25% metalaxyl 800 times or chlorothalonil 500 times; gray mold use 20% Dakling 1000 times or 50% fluocin 800 times; black spot use 50% carbendazim 800 times or 70% thiophanate 1000 times. Spray every 5-7 days, 2 or 3 times in a row. 5 Soil remediation techniques for heavy cropping Onion shall not be replanted, otherwise it will seriously affect the yield. If replanting, the soil must be treated. 1 Increase the maturity of farmyard manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, supplement the trace elements needed for growth of onion, such as sulfur, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, to promote the robust growth of green onions, improve disease resistance. 2 Using Greenhenge No. 1 to sterilize the soil, and before the transplanting, fenoxanthin pesticides were used to kill and kill the underground pests.