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Key Techniques for High-yielding Cultivation of Green, Soybean
First, species selection and seed treatment 1. Variety selection. According to the local ecological types and market demand, choose high-quality, high-yield, suitable maturity, disease resistance, strong resistance varieties, the fat content of more than 23%, such as Dongnong 163,434, Heinong 44, Fufeng 9 Wait. 2. Seed selection. Seed selection before sowing, the machine can be selected or selected, so that the seed purity of not less than 98%, the degree of purity of not less than 99%, the germination rate of not less than 85%, the water content is not higher than 13.5%. 3. Seed treatment. Manual selection and removal of diseased grains and insect-eaten grains, dressing with ammonium molybdate and 2.5% “Yile-time†suspension seed coating, the amount of which is 0.2%--0.4% and 0.1% of the seed weight, respectively-- 0.2%, mix well and dry for broadcast. Second, rotation and site preparation 1. Rotation. The implementation of a three-year or three-year rotation does not weigh and does not greet you. In the case of reunification, it is unavoidable to choose flat lands or lands with higher fertility, and insist on “doing it better than not paying attentionâ€. 2. Site preparation. 1 sowing soybeans. The land must be deep, with a depth of 18 cm to 20 cm, a depth of 12 cm to 15 cm, a depth of more than 25 cm, and a floppy, autumnal or deep-soiled soil to reach the state of being planted. In the spring, soil preparation should be done in a continuous operation of turning, picking, loosening, boring and pressing. 2 sowing soybeans. Fu Qiu Qiu Qiu, Qiu Qiuqiu ridge or squat deep ridge ridge, ridge spacing of 63 cm - 65 cm, the error of 2 cm, ridge height 18 cm after compaction, error 2 cm. Third, fertilization 1. Base fertilizer. Apply 22.5 tons - 30 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare, combined with soil preparation as a base fertilizer. 2. Seed fertilizer. Fertilizer as fertilizer, according to the soil to determine the amount of fertilizer, limiting the maximum value, such as 75 kg of ammonium diammonium per hectare, potassium fertilizer 50 kg, deep planting in the 4 cm -5 cm, do not avoid the same fertilizer, so as not to burn . 3. Top dressing. When the growth of soybeans is weak, 8 kg of urea per hectare - 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 kg per hectare in the initial flowering period of soybeans, and foliar spray in 500 kg of water can be added, and appropriate trace elements can also be added, if the concentration is 0.03 %--0.05% ammonium molybdate. Fourth, sowing 1. Sowing period. The local temperature stability begins to sow at 7°C--8°C. For example, the area around Baoqing County in Heilongjiang is generally from May 5 to May 15. 2. Broadcasting method. 1 On the ridge, the two lines are precisely on demand, and the spacing is 10 cm to 12 cm. The ridge body is deep and loose, and the ridges are fertilized under the ridge. 2 Narrow row sowing, row spacing 30 cm - 45 cm, so that sowing, ridging, suppression of continuous operations. 3. Density. According to species characteristics, water and fertilizer conditions and cultivation methods may be. The varieties with higher soil fertility and long growing period should be sparsely cultivated, otherwise they should be dense. Ridge is generally 250,000 ares. 4. Seeding rate: The formula is: Hectare seedling number (million plants) x 100 grain weight (g) Hectare sowing volume (kg/ha) =——————————————x( 1+ field loss rate) Clarity (%) x Germination rate (%) x 10 (upper right 5) The field loss rate is calculated as 10%. Fifth, field management 1. Deep loose. When the soybeans are arched, the slashes are deep before the shovel. 2. shovel shovel. Digging shovels in time to achieve two shovels and three shovels, spade shovel injury rate of less than 3%, in addition to the previous one-time grass. 3. Chemical weeding. 1 After the seedlings were sprayed. When the soil moisture content is good, the dosage per hectare is: 90% Phosnarizine 1560 ml - 2200 ml, add 70% Saiksun WP 400g - 600g, add dry spray Po 250 ml, 200 kg water spray. 2 stem and leaf treatment. In the soybean 1 - 3 pieces of compound leaves, weed 2 leaf phase is called when spraying. Dosage per hectare: 12.5% ​​Take 1500 ml of net eliminator, plus 25% fomesafen 1000 ml - 1500 ml, spray 200 kg of water. 4. Pest control. Principles for prevention and control: Adhering to the principle of "prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control", the coordination and support of agriculture, biology, physics, and chemical prevention and control are strengthened, and the application of chemical pesticides is strictly controlled. 1 Disease prevention and control. Gray leaf spot, sclerotinia and bacterial diseases: dosage per hectare: 40% carbendazim 1.5 kg - 2.0 kg, 5 million units of agricultural streptomycin 0.1 kg - 0.22 kg, 200 kg of water - 300 Kilograms are sprayed during the flowering stage of soybeans, generally 2 times - 3 times, 7 days - 10 days apart. 2 pest control. Soybean bored insects: Adults to prevent and control during the prosperous period, with 80% dichlorvos EC 1500 ml - 2000 ml, made poison sticks, every 4 ridges to insert 1 line, every 5 meters inserted a poison stick fumigation.