Introduction and Management of Yacon

First, the Yacon Introduction Yakini native to the Andean Mountains in South America, indigenous Indian Indians traditional root food, the locals call it "YACON" transliteration "Yagong" (meaning of the fruit of God). The reason why it is called "God fruit" is that the yucca fruit is delicate, and it is extremely sensitive to external stimuli. Fertilizers, pesticides and growth hormone cannot be applied throughout the growth process. The second is its special medicinal health care function, containing a large number of water-soluble plant fibers and abundant oligosaccharides, and 18 kinds of essential amino acids and calcium and iron and other rich minerals. The content of fructooligosaccharides in yacon is the highest among all known plants, and its content is 60%-70% of dry matter. Yacon has six health functions:
1. Improve the microbial population in the intestine to prevent constipation and detoxification.
2. The water-soluble plant fibers contained do not substantially generate calories and are good products for lowering blood lipids, improving lipid metabolism, and lowering blood cholesterol and triglyceride content.
3. Does not increase blood sugar, especially for diabetics, and can increase the amount of B vitamins and improve the body's immune function.
4. Reducing liver toxins, especially aminotoxins, can produce anti-cancer organic acids in the intestine, with significant anti-cancer function.
5. Promote the absorption of trace elements calcium and iron and prevent osteoporosis.
6. Natural sweeteners do not produce tooth decay and can be used as a sweetener for throat, chewing gum, and toothpaste.
II. Introduction Experiments Based on the special ecological and biological characteristics of yacon and medicinal health care functions, Kunming City introduced tests from Taiwan in 2003. The economic test results are as follows:
1. Ecologically adaptable. The yacon fruit has been tested in Taiwan, Hainan, Fujian, Hunan and Guizhou provinces, and the results have been unsatisfactory. Yiliang County was successfully tested in 2005. The yacon is a tropical mountain plant, hi strong light warm, the most suitable growth environment temperature is 18-25 °C. Kunming area is the most suitable area at 1500~2100m above sea level. Low-latitude high-elevation strong light has large temperature difference between day and night, which fully accords with the ecological habit of yacon. It is understood that the Yuzhong region is the most suitable area in China.
2. Soil and water conservation effect is good. The whole growth period (from germination to maturity) is about 250 days. If it is planted in a water conservation area, the tall plants of yacon throughout the rainy season will be 2-3m high, which can form full coverage on the surface and the canopy closure can be more than 90%. Surface runoff and soil erosion.
3. The best crop for organic cultivation. The special eco-adaptation of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides on yacon fruit is the best economical crop for rare organic cultivation of water source protection areas, which can effectively reduce the non-point source pollution of the protected areas.
4. Significant economic benefits. The yacon has special medicinal health care functions. As a green functional fruit market, the market has great potential and remarkable economic benefits. According to the most conservative estimate, 2 tons per acre, 1.50 yuan per kilogram of sales price, 3,000 yuan per acre, deducting seedlings, organic fertilizer, labor costs 500 yuan, 2,500 yuan per acre net income, is a water source protection zone economic society A cash cow that develops and the masses increase income.
III. Planting requirements
1. Soil conditions: In order to ensure the good commercial quality of yacon, sandy loam should be selected with an elevation of 500 to 2100 m, loose soil and thick soil (above 50 cm). Terraces, gentle slopes.
2. Row seedling transplanting: After germination of root buds in early March, the root buds are cut open and each 1-2 buds are planted with grass and wood ash. The seedlings are then bagged, and after the irrigating, the film is covered and the roots are exposed and exposed. membrane. No more watering at the seedling stage, just keep the soil moist. In late April and early May, the bag seedlings grow to 12~14cm in height and can be transplanted.
3. Colonization: 650~800 per acre, row spacing 0.8~0.9m, plant spacing 1~1.1m, planting between rows and rows. Can be ploughed after the first ridge according to the size of the planting, planting can also be digging planting pits, planting pit specifications 50cm50cm, depth 40cm. Soil treatment during picking up or digging pits, slaked lime (deworming) on ​​the bottom of the pit, biopesticides in the soil, 30 to 3 cm soil remediation, 3 to 5 kg of fertilization for agricultural fertilizer, 0.5 kg of special organic fertilizer to pond, and the upper layer. After the soil is mixed well, the bag seedlings are planted in the loam.
4. Mid-term management: Can not dry after transplanting to ensure survival rate. After entering the rainy season, dig out the drainage ditch and do not flood or drown. Do a good job of cultivating and weeding, weeding and weeding while weeding. Fertilizers and pesticides cannot be applied during the whole growth period. Weak seedlings can be used to excrete manure and biogas fertilizers. Generally, no fertilizer is required. In July and August into the long-term prosperous period, branches are too long to branch, to combine soil for pruning and branching, to shoot branches that are too thick, deep in the early stages, only topping in the later period, to control the above-ground part of the prosperous, to ensure the results About 10 to 12 sticks.
5. Late management: In September, the flowering period begins. Each branch opens five yellow sunflowers. After the flower is defeated, it enters the mature period. After all branches fail, they can be harvested one after another.
6. Harvest: The yacon mainly eats tubers. The tubers have a post-harvest process. When the flesh turns orange, the sugar content is high. Because the lotus juice is multi-grained and crisp, the excavation of harvested roots is too easy to explode, and the commodity is affected. It is better until late December. The soil is a little dry and the roots are naturally dehydrated. After excavation, the fruit cracking rate can be reduced. When harvesting, first cut the branches and leave a 20-30cm foundation pile. When digging, dig around the whole pond. Try not to injure the roots of the roots. After digging, dig up the piles together with the foundation piles and then remove the roots to maintain their complete commercial nature. The yacon dug out should be placed in a cool and ventilated place. After 5 to 7 days, the oligosaccharides are cooked and converted to safer, and the food is sweeter.

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