Bitter gourd seed before sowing pretreatment
The cultivation of balsam pear in the south of China is more common. In recent years, the cultivation area of ​​northern open land and protected areas has been expanding year by year. However, due to the hard seed capsule and poor water absorption, the phenomenon of slow germination, low germination rate, and irregular seedling emergence in the production of bitter gourd seeds often cause a large amount of wasted seeds and directly affect production. The pretreatment of bitter gourd seeds is an important means to promote the early germination of seeds and improve the quality of commercial seedlings. Here are some common methods for pretreatment of Bitter gourd seeds before sowing. 1 Seed soaking in different water soaking time has certain influence on the germination of bitter gourd seeds. Generally, with the extension of soaking time, the seed germination power (germination potential and germination rate) will gradually increase, and the maximum value will be reached in 12 hours, and the germination power will decrease after 12 hours. trend. It can be seen that the soaking time of bitter gourd seeds is best at room temperature 12 hours. Before sowing in warm water, the seeds are soaked in warm water of about 55°C, and soaked for 12 hours after being cooled, which is favorable for the seeds to absorb water and expand easily. Since the scald was immersed in warm water at 55°C for 15 seconds, the pathogen attached to the surface of bitter gourd seeds could be suffocated and the permeability of the seed coat could be improved. The method was simple to use and was suitable for the treatment of a large number of seeds in production. Soaking gibberellins with gibberellin significantly increased the germination power and germination rate of bitter gourd seeds, and the treatment with 40 mg/kg concentration was better. Gibberellin is a germinating stimulating substance that promotes the synthesis of auxin, increases the activity and metabolic activity of seed endospermase (such as amylase), promotes cell division and enlargement, but the low level of gibberellin inhibits the male flower. Efficacy, so pay attention to master the use of concentration when dealing with melon seeds. Brassinosteroid (br) soaking br is a new type of plant growth regulator, br can promote cell elongation and division. The experiments showed that germination potential and germination rate of 1:1500 times br-120 soaking treatment were significantly higher than that of the control, and had a significant role in promoting the germination of bitter gourd seeds. Another experiment showed that seeds of bitter gourd were soaked in two concentrations of broth 1:4000 and 1:6000, which had a certain inhibitory effect on germination. Hydrogen peroxide soaking seeds with hydrogen peroxide can improve the seed coat permeability and improve the uniformity of seed germination. Experiments showed that soaking seeds with 50% hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours and then rinsing with clean water had a significant effect on seed germination. The germination power and germination rate were increased by 24.04% and 28.1% compared with the control, and the limiting germination rate was 97%. . Hydrogen peroxide is more practical for large-scale production. 2 High temperature germination had a significant effect on the seed germination of balsam pear. Within the temperature range of 25°C-35°C, with the increase of temperature, the germination power and germination rate were significantly increased, and the temperature range was 33°C-35°C. The germination rate and the germination rate are higher. When the temperature exceeds 35°C or lower than 33°C, the germination rate and the germination potential decrease significantly. It can be seen that the bitter gourd seeds germinate at 33°C-35°C, not only the germination rate but also the germination rate. High, and the germination rate is fast, and the germination is more orderly. 3 The mechanical breakage method commonly used for mechanical breakage is to use pincers (or photons) to pinch the seed coat and peel it off to expose the radicle. After balsam pear seeds were shelled, the germination power and germination rate were significantly higher than those without shell treatment. The sprouting potential and germination rate were the highest when the shell was treated and germinated at 33°C～35°C, which was significantly higher than the germination potential and germination rate under other temperature conditions. Therefore, the shelling could significantly improve the germination potential of the bitter gourd seeds. And germination rate, the most suitable temperature for germination after shell breaking is 33°C～35°C.