Starter motor common fault analysis

Starter motors are used as starting devices for engines and are widely used in tractors, combine harvesters, automobiles and other motor vehicles. The common failures of starter motors are analyzed below and are for reference only. The operation of the starter motor depends not only on the starter motor itself, but also on the state of the battery and the state of the line connection. Therefore, if it is encountered that the motor can not start or start difficult, first of all to determine whether the tractor is connected to the battery or the fault, or start the motor itself. The specific method is: before starting the headlights open, if the light weakens when starting, prove that there is a current flowing through the starter motor, which may be due to poor contact between the wire or brush and the commutator; if the light is dark when starting, Even extinguished, there is a short circuit inside the starter motor or a serious loss of battery power; if the light is still very bright, it means that the battery and the starting line is open circuit. If it is not the above faults, the following phenomena will be analyzed: 1. The starter motor cannot run (1) The battery has insufficient power. The speaker can be checked by horn or headlight. If the horn does not ring or the headlights do not light up, it indicates that the battery is not fully charged and can be fully charged. (2) In the case of a fully charged battery, the starter will not turn. This may be due to oxidation of the battery terminals, poor battery lead wires, or poor contact of the starter motor terminals. (3) may also be caused by the following reasons: the armature shaft is bent or the shaft sleeve and the armature shaft are stuck, the surface of the commutator is severely ablated, the brush is worn, the armature coil or the magnetic field coil is grounded, and the magnetic field coil is short circuited , bad coil welding. 2. The starter function can rotate, but the power is insufficient, and the engine is not operated. (1) The battery is insufficiently stored or the wire is not in good contact. (2) The winter start is not warm enough or the pressure is forgotten; (3) The armature shaft is bent; (4) ) The surface of the commutator is dirty or the brush is in poor contact; (5) The magnetic field or the armature coil has a short circuit in the turn or a short in the ground. 3. The starter works normally, but the main engine speed is not high. (1) The roller wear of the one-way roller clutch and the wear of the raceway in the outer ring cause the friction torque to decrease and it slips; the roller spring breaks and breaks, making the one-way roller The adaptor is normal and sometimes malfunctions. (2) Friction clutch friction plate wear or friction plate grease, can increase the method of adjusting the gasket, so that the friction clutch achieve the specified torque. 4. The motor can't stop rotating. (1) The free travel of the electromagnetic switch's movable contact is larger than the gap in the fork pull rod of the tail of the shift fork. (2) The surface of the electromagnetic switch core and its matching hole are too dirty, too much friction, or the return spring of the iron core is too soft, so that the iron core cannot return smoothly. (3) Insufficient battery power. Starter motor speed is not enough, not with the engine, the reaction force of the flywheel on the motor gear tightly press the motor gear, so that the two can not be separated, the iron core can not return, the contacts can not be separated, causing the motor can not stop. 5. When the start button is pressed, the motor does not turn and the brightness of the light does not change. (1) The connection wire between the battery and the starter is broken or loose. (2) Excessive brush wear or insufficient spring pressure results in poor brush and commutator contact. (3) The excitation coil is disconnected or the armature coil ends are detached from the commutator. (4) Electromagnetic switch coil breakage or burnout of contacts and deflectors. 6. Turn on the starter circuit. After the engagement gear and the flywheel ring gear are engaged, the flywheel does not rotate or rotate slowly, but the light is obviously darkened. (1) The battery capacity is insufficient or internal damage. The battery should be replaced or supplemented. (2) In the starting circuit, the wire connection or the bad contact between the brush and the commutator causes the contact resistance in the starting circuit to increase, causing the power of the motor to drop. The connection of the wires should be tightened and the springs and brushes adjusted so that they are tightly integrated with the commutator. (3) Excessive wear of the bushing of the rotor shaft causes friction between the armature and the magnetic pole to make the starter useless and the bush must be replaced. 7. Turn on the starter circuit. When the engagement gear and the flywheel ring gear are engaged, although the rotation speed of the motor is normal, it cannot drive the flywheel to rotate. This may be due to wear of the outer ring of the adapter and the roller; the spring force of the plunger spring is weakened or broken; or the adapter gear or the flywheel ring gear may be damaged and should be replaced or repaired. 8. When the start button is pressed, only the gear's impact sounds, and the clutch gear cannot be engaged in the flywheel ring gear. This may be due to the electromagnetic switch's stroke being too small or the elasticity of the adapter buffer spring being too weak. The switch stroke should be adjusted. And replace the buffer spring. 9. When the engine is started, the starter motor still rotates, and the adapter gear cannot be withdrawn or slowly withdraw. This may be due to the sintering of the deflector and contacts of the electromagnetic switch; it may also be that the spring of the return spring of the lever is too weak or the electromagnetic switch travels. Improper adjustment; in addition, this phenomenon may also occur when the gear is roughened. Check the contacts as appropriate, flatten and grind the contact surface; replace the adjustment switch stroke. Author: Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Vocational and Technical College

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