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Non-pollution production technology of protective pepper
(1) Sowing 1. There are many varieties of peppers in the selection, and suitable varieties can be selected according to local sales habits, climatic conditions and types of protected land. The winter and spring cultivation of protected land can choose early maturing, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, high-quality and high-yield varieties, such as Longjiao 2, Haihua 3, spicy three ribs sweet pepper, proud dragon beef bell pepper, etc.; autumn and winter cultivation can choose growth potential Strong, disease-resistant, high-yield varieties, such as Long Jiao No. 1, World Champions, pepper and other pepper. 2. The sowing date for winter and spring pods cultivated in the protected season peppers is from early November to late November. The planting period is from mid-late January to early February. The harvest period is from mid-March to late June; autumn and winter The sowing date is from mid-late July to mid-August. The planting period is from mid-late August to early September. The harvest period is from mid-late October to early December. 3. Cultivation methods Many diseases of pepper are caused by pathogenic bacteria in the seeds and cause the disease to occur at the seedling stage or after planting. Therefore, the seeds must be disinfected prior to sowing. In accordance with the requirements of pollution-free cultivation, can not be used for seed dressing, should be used hot water or soaked seed soup, the use of high temperature to kill bacteria. Disinfection commonly used hot water 45-50 °C species, the duration of 10-15 minutes. Place the disinfected seeds in warm water at 20-30°C, soak for 8-10 hours, then rinse with clean water and place at 25-30°C to germinate. Turn seeds 4-5 times a day with fresh water. Scrub once, 6-7 days seed dew can be sown. Pepper seeds are weighed 3-6 grams, 50-75 grams sowing per acre, seedbed area of ​​5-6 square meters, seedbed area of ​​50 square meters. In the sowing period, sunny morning broadcast should be selected. The seedbed is leveled and poured into the bottom water, and soaked before sowing. Spread about 0.5 centimeters after covering fine bed soil, and then take a small plastic shed or cover the plastic film on the bed to keep it moist. (b) The temperature during the day after sowing is maintained at 28-30°C, the nighttime temperature is about 20°C, and the ground temperature is 25°C. After emergence, 25-28 °C during the day, 15-17 °C at night, and 20 °C ground temperature. The temperature during the day after transplanting is 25-30°C, the nighttime temperature is 20°C, and the ground temperature is 18-20°C. 7-10 days before planting, should reduce the temperature, control the water, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20 °C, the ground temperature is maintained at 16-18 °C, the night temperature is 15 °C, and the ground temperature is 13-14 °C. Water once in 1-2 days, combined with universal water spray and individual watering. In accordance with the restrictions on the use of chemical fertilizers for pollution-free cultivation, organic fertilizers should be applied more in order to reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers. Application of organic fertilizer per acre 6000-8000 kg, and with the application of calcium phosphate 50-80 kg, can also be appropriate to add some potash, such as calcium sulfate 30-40 kg. If there is insufficient base fertilizer, sprinkle DAP in the water, about 15-20 kg per mu. Temperature management during flowering is 23-28°C during the sunny day, 25-26°C in the afternoon, 22-23°C in the middle of the night and 16-18°C in the middle of the night. The ground temperature is maintained above 20°C. When combined with watering and fertilizing, the amount of fertilizer used should not be too large, it is best to use decomposed feces or compound fertilizers, with as little or no fertilizer as possible. In addition to proper watering, light and good ventilation are also very important. After the planting, it usually takes 40-50 days to start harvesting. The harvesting method is best to cut fruit. (C) pest control 1, aphid temperature below 28 °C, dry conditions conducive to tsutsugamushi disease. Non-pollution prevention and control measures: Silver gray film or silver reflective curtains can be placed in sunlight greenhouses to repel aphids and reduce aphid damage. Natural enemies such as ladybugs, spiders and grasshoppers can also be released; yellow plates are placed in greenhouses. Apply No. 10 motor oil. 2. Viral Disease Viral disease is a serious disease in pepper cultivation. Pollution-free prevention and control measures: Select disease-resistant varieties, seeds should be disinfected before sowing, and disease-free strong seedlings should be strictly selected. Watering should be properly performed to avoid high-temperature and drought. Field operations should avoid artificial infection, strengthen management, and increase plant resistance to disease. 3. Epidemic hot pepper disease is also one of the serious diseases in pepper cultivation. Non-pollution prevention method: cultivate Healthy seedlings, use disease-free seedlings, or seed bed for disinfection; intervene with garlic to make lighter diseases; strengthen management of greenhouses, reduce air humidity, select sunny watering, and pay attention to warming after watering Dehumidify, but avoid high temperature and high humidity conditions.