Navel Orange Pruning Technology

In practical orchard management, the disorganization of navel orange branches often occurs due to various factors. This not only disrupts the tree structure and balance of growth vigor but also negatively impacts nutrient distribution, fruit yield, and quality. To address such issues, it is essential to apply pruning techniques in a scientific and systematic manner. The goal is to quickly establish an appropriate tree shape, maintain growth dominance, and ultimately ensure stable production and high-quality fruit output. Below are key principles of navel orange pruning: First, clearly define the main and secondary branches. This involves allowing the main branch to grow freely while shortening or removing the auxiliary branches, ensuring that the main branches remain dominant and the smaller ones are kept under control. Second, ensure clear hierarchy. The central stem should be stronger than the main branches, which in turn should be stronger than the side branches. The strength of each main branch should gradually decrease from the first to the third layer, with the first main branch slightly stronger than the second, and the second stronger than the third. It's important to note that "strength" here refers to the natural growth pattern rather than an imbalance. Third, configure lateral branches reasonably. Typically, the first main branch has 3-4 lateral branches, the second main branch has 2, and the third has none. Only small and medium-sized branches are allowed, and the size of the third-layer main branch should be comparable to a side branch on the first layer. Fourth, adjust the angles of the branches. The general principle is to lower the auxiliary branches and raise the main ones. The angle between the main branches and the central stem should gradually decrease from the bottom up, starting from the first to the third layer. Fifth, manage branch distribution and fruiting positions. Fruit production is mainly concentrated in the lower part of the tree, especially on the first three main branches, which account for about 70% of the total yield. The branching ratio on the first, second, and third layers should be roughly 5:2:1. Sixth, ensure good air circulation and light penetration. After shaping, the tree canopy should be open and well-lit. Branches should be arranged as follows: thin and dense, small and large; outer branches should be thin while inner ones are dense; outer branches should be small while inner ones are larger. Increase spacing between layers, trim auxiliary branches between layers, remove inward-facing branches, upright shoots, and dense autumn growth. Seventh, maintain vigorous and balanced growth. Vegetative and reproductive growth should be in harmony. This leads to full, compact fruiting branches, a proper mix of long, medium, and short branches, appropriate fruit load, and high-quality yields. Eighth, after pruning, the following general parameters should be maintained: orchard coverage of 75-80%, leaf area coefficient of 3.5-4, 8-90,000 shoots per mu, a short:medium:long branch ratio of 7:3:2, fruit volume of 1200-1500 cubic meters per acre, one-year-old spring shoots 25-35 cm long, a spring shoot ratio of 3-4:1, and more than 30% of the relative light reaching the lower and inner leaves.

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Red light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy, is a non-invasive treatment that uses red or near-infrared light to stimulate cellular function in the body. The therapy involves exposing the skin to specific wavelengths of light, typically between 600 to 1000 nanometers, which can penetrate the skin to a depth of about 5 millimeters.

Red light therapy works by stimulating the mitochondria in the body's cells, which are responsible for producing energy (ATP). The light energy absorbed by the mitochondria triggers a series of biochemical reactions that can enhance cellular metabolism and promote various therapeutic effects.

Some potential benefits of red light therapy include:

1. Skin health: It can improve the production of collagen and elastin, leading to improved skin tone, reduced wrinkles, and acne treatment.
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