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Early maturing cultivation technology of spring soybean
(1) Variety selection The variety of soybeans currently used in production is extensive. After trials and demonstrations, Qingsu No. 1, Qingsu No. 2 and Taiwan No. 75 are suitable for early-maturing and early-maturing cultivation. These varieties have strong cold tolerance and wide adaptability. They can be cultivated earlier or later. Quality is easy to cook crisp, better flavor. The yield is higher, and the average mu yield is more than 400 kg. (b), sowing time and production methods Early maturing can generally be sowed in the middle of February. However, due to the low temperature in February, large and medium sheds must be used to cover the mulch, and seeding methods can be used for direct seeding or transplanting. 1. Large and medium shed plus mulching film covering live broadcasting technology 1.1 Applying basal fertilizer to remove weeds It is generally believed that azotobacter can fix free nitrogen in the air without applying nitrogen fertilizer. After the nitrogenous material is exhausted, soybean seedlings will appear for a short period of "nitrogen starvation." Therefore, about one week before sowing should be Mushi man and animal manure 2000 kg, 50 kg of superphosphate or 40 kg of ternary compound fertilizer. Plowing the ground to make a 80-100 cm bowl, 20 cm high. At the same time, do a good job of supporting the ditch system. At the same time as fertilizing the soil preparation, we should spray 48% trifluralin 120ml with water 30kg evenly on the surface of the loquat for a week before planting so as to make it penetrate into the topsoil. Then cover it with a shed to increase the temperature of the ground. 1.2 Timely looting, reasonable close planting When the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm in the shed reaches 10°C or more, select the cold-cold-head warmer to pick up the crop. Live sowing is better; sowing density must be considered when sowing, because the density of early maturing varieties can be appropriately larger, the general point distance is controlled at 15-20 centimeters, spacing is 25 centimeters, 2-3 plants per hole, per acre Seedlings 1.8 to 20,000. When planting, the bottom of the hole must be flat, the seeds should be dispersed, and the covering soil should not be too deep. It is advisable to cover 2-3 cm of fine soil, and the seeding rate per mu is 7-7.5 kg. After sowing, cover a layer of plastic film on the entire surface of the sagger, and press the squat tightly around the shed, increase the temperature and moisturize, and promote the emergence of seedlings. 1.3 After diligently adding management and re-focusing on the top soil of the cotyledons of the fertilizer and water seedlings, the mulch film shall be peeled off in time, and a cultivator ripping shall be carried out at the seedling stage. In case of low-temperature cold wave, measures should be taken to prevent cold and warm; in case of rain, it is necessary to promptly clear the ditch around the shed to prevent damage. When the temperature in the booth is greater than 25°C, pay attention to ventilation. During the flowering period, the daily temperature in the shed is maintained at 23 to 29°C, the night temperature is 17 to 23°C, and the relative humidity is maintained at about 75%. In the flowering period, it is another critical period for soybeans to urgently require nitrogen nutrition. Therefore, in the early flowering period, 20 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer and 12 kg of ternary compound fertilizer can be topdressed in time for each acre, which can reduce flowering and falling down. In the pod grain stage, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% urea (200g potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 500g urea water 50kg) can be sprayed twice on the foliage, which can effectively increase the number of pods and promote grain expansion. Increase grain weight. In the flowering and seedling stage, the soil moisture content is required to be around 80%. If the soil moisture content is insufficient at this time, it will significantly increase the rate of falling flowers. Therefore, it is necessary to fill 1 or 2 times of water during the flowering stage. Require the water to go from the ditch, not on the surface, into the soil, fast irrigation fast row. This can generally increase production by about 15%. 2. Seedling production and transplanting techniques in protected areas 2.1 Do a good job of seedbeds, timely seedlings Adopting seedlings and transplanting methods can not only promote the emergence of seedlings, but also provide uniform and uniform growth. Generally, loose vegetable garden soil or slightly dried paddy soil can be used as seedbed, or peat soil or sand-to-soil ratio of 1:1 can be used as a seedbed. No fertilizer is required in the seedbed, and at most some superphosphate can be added. The seeds are sown on the soil bed at an interval of 42 cm. After the water is poured, the covers are covered with 1--2 cm fine ripper, which is then covered with a layer of plastic film to prevent leakage, and then covered with a small shed to warm the skin. Immediately after emergence, the mulching film was removed and the seedbed temperature was controlled so that it was about 20°C. 2.2 In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the plastic film of arch sheds should be peeled off in the daytime and 2 to 3 days before planting. Seedling transplanting seedlings should not be too large, should be in the two true leaves spread, the first complex leaves exposed when planting. The larger the seedlings are, the longer the time for seedlings to be transplanted after transplanting, which is unfavorable for growth, will also affect the yield to a great extent, and attention should be paid to the protection of the root system during transplanting. Before the transplanting, the method of soil preparation and fertilization and the management measures after transplanting were the same as the live film production technology of large and medium shed plus mulch. 3. Do a good job of preventing and controlling pests and diseases Maoyou has a lot of pests and diseases in a lifetime. Therefore, it is an important measure to promote high-yield and increase commodity rate by preventing insects and preventing diseases. Disease prevention: Soybean mainly contains soybean rust and brown spot. These diseases can be controlled by antifungal agents. Followed by viral disease, for viral disease can be used in the early stage of disease with about 0.1% of urea spray foliar 2 - 3 times, can effectively relieve symptoms. Excluding insects: Misdoubted soybeans include soybean cakes, bean shoots, and other insecticides. For the above pests, they can be used for the control of pesticides with strong contact and killing properties. They are controlled once every 7 days for 2-3 consecutive times. Special attention should be paid to the fact that soybeans should not be weighed heavily and should generally be separated by 1-2 years from the same plot.