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Meat rabbits raising
The fattening of meat rabbits can be divided into two kinds: one is a rabbit after weaning, the other is a rabbit that is eliminated, and the former is the main one. Therefore, what we call fattening mainly refers to the fattening of young rabbits. 1. Several features of fast fattening of foreign meat rabbits: (1) High-nutrition puppies are directly transferred to the finishing group after weaning for 28 days, and are fed with full-price pelleted diet (containing about 18% of crude protein, 10% to 12% of crude fiber, Digestive energy 10.47 MJ/kg), free intake, free drinking water. (2) High-density fattening rabbit cages are reared with about 18 fattening rabbits per square meter of cage area to reduce the amount of activity and improve feed utilization. (2) Environmental control An artificial microclimate, ie, manual temperature control, humidity control, light control, and wind control, is adopted to provide rabbits with an optimal living environment. Appropriate temperature, humidity and ventilation can make rabbits have better nutrient availability and fewer diseases. Artificial light control, taking full dark or low light fattening, can inhibit gonadal development, promote growth, keep quiet, reduce biting. (4) high-efficiency raising rabbits in developed countries, meat rabbit fattening period is very short, usually 6 to 7 weeks, that is, weaning 28 days, 70 to 80 days slaughter, can make full use of meat rabbits early gain weight characteristics. During the fattening period, the daily weight gain was about 45 grams, and the feed remuneration was 3:1. It was fully in and out, and the annual turnover was 4.5 times. The utilization rate of cages was high. 2. The 90-day Rapid Fattening Techniques of Meat Rabbits The foreign fast fattening, despite being scientific and advanced, requires a complete set of equipment, supporting technologies and specifications, and is a high-input, high-output production and management method. At present, most rural families in China have no such conditions. According to China's national conditions, we must make full use of the advantages of a large number of rural laborers, cheap resources, abundant site resources, and abundant forage and fodder resources. We must scientifically raise and quickly fatten the fish and give birth 90 days. The technical points are as follows: (1) There are three ways to select the fine breeds and the hybrid combinations for fattening rabbits. First, direct fattening of good breeds, ie selection of large breeds with fast growing speed (such as Belgian rabbits, Saibei rabbits, and Harbin white rabbits) (eg New Zealand rabbits, California rabbits, etc.) are used for purebred breeding; the second is economical crossbreeding, using mating male rabbits and local female rabbits or fine mid-sized breeds such as the Belgian rabbit Taihang Mountain rabbit, Saibei rabbit New Zealand rabbit, It is also possible to have three varieties of recurrent crosses; the third is the rearing system. Currently, there are insufficient resources in the supporting systems of our country. In most regions, the supporting systems cannot be directly reared. In general, hybrids imported from abroad and local landraces in China can exhibit certain heterosis. (2) Grasping the speed of milk fattening depends largely on the speed of early weight gain. The fattening period is closely related to the lactation period. In all cases of severely weaned puppies, weight gain during the fattening phase is fast, and it is easy to resist weaning stress. The smaller the weaning weight, the more difficult it is to raise after weaning and the slower the fattening will be. Therefore, it is required that the weaning weight of puppies for 30 days is more than 500 grams for medium rabbits and 600 grams for large rabbits. It is necessary to increase the lactating power of the female rabbit, grasp the feeding of the pups, adjust the weight of the pups and the number of puppies nurtured by the female rabbit. (3) After a good weaning Guanzi rabbit enters the fattening stage after weaning, the transition of environment and feed is very important. If the treatment is not good, the disease may be eaten up and died about 2 weeks after weaning, causing a slow weight gain and even stopping the growth or weight loss. After weaning, it is better to keep the original cage in the original nest. If the cage is tight, the cage needs to be changed and the siblings cannot be separated. Fattening should be carried out in a small group of cages. It is impermissible to have a cage for rabbits; or to break down the gaps and ages and implement large groups of rearing. This will cause loneliness, sensation, and fear in weaned puppies. The feed before weaning was fed within 1 to 2 weeks after weaning, and gradually transitioned to fertilization. Otherwise, suddenly change the feed, digestive diseases appear 2 to 3 days. (4) Straight-line fattening Since the fattening period of meat rabbits is very short, it takes only about 60 days from weaning (3 days) to slaughter. Therefore, the traditional fattening method, which used to be used for "hanging the shelves first and then filling them up," was not appropriate. After weaning a rabbit, it is not possible to feed large amounts of green feed and roughage on the one hand, because on the other hand, the rabbit cannot adapt to a low-nutrient diet. On the other hand, low-nutrition fattening is not suitable for the physiological characteristics of rabbits. A direct fattening method should be adopted to meet the rapid growth and development of young rabbits in terms of nutrient requirements, so that protein in the diet (17 to 18%) and energy (10.47 MJ/kg or more) are kept at a relatively high level. Crude fiber control At about 12%, the transition from weaning to fattening was smoothly achieved, and the growth rate was not reduced or stopped due to malnutrition, and it remained until slaughter. Some people advocate that the male rabbit is castrated (ie, remove the male rabbit's testicles, causing them to lose sexual function) fattening, and speak of many advantages of the outbreak. According to the author's test, the male rabbit does not have a better castration effect. Because the sexual maturation of male rabbits after 3 months of age, prior to this, their sexual behavior is not obvious and will not affect weight gain; instead, a small amount of male hormones secreted by the testes will promote protein synthesis, accelerate the growth of rabbits, and increase the Utilization rate. It was found in production that the male rabbits grew faster than the female rabbits before 3 months of age, which also explains this problem. In addition, whether it is to take a knife or a knife, or to have a good castration, the pain caused by wound or drug stimulation, and the destruction and recovery of testicular tissue will all affect the growth and development of rabbits. (5) It is necessary to use high-tech scientific research products in order to use high-tech products in addition to meeting the main nutritional needs of fattening rabbits in energy, protein, and fiber. For example, rare earth additives have the effect of increasing weight gain and feed utilization efficiency; olaquindox has the function of promoting protein synthesis and preventing diseases; humic acid additives can improve the production performance of rabbits; enzyme preparations can help digestion and improve feed utilization; Oxidizers can not only prevent the oxidation of some vitamins in feed, but also have the effect of increasing weight gain and improving meat quality. Reasonable use of vitamins, trace elements, and amino acid additives plays an important role in improving fattening performance. (6) The effect of environmental control on fattening depends largely on environmental control. Mainly speaking here is temperature, humidity, density, ventilation and lighting. Excessively high or low temperatures are unfavorable, and it is best to keep it at around 25°C. If the humidity is too high, it is easy to get sick and the environment should be kept dry. The humidity should be controlled between 55% and 65%; the density should be determined according to the temperature and ventilation conditions. Under good conditions, rearing of fattening rabbits 18 per square meter of cage area is only adequate; poor ventilation is not only unfavorable to the growth of rabbits, but also prone to multiple diseases. The fattening rabbits have high feeding density and excretion, and the requirements for ventilation are relatively strong; light affects the growth and reproduction of rabbits. According to foreign experience, during the fattening period, low light or darkness is applied. Only the rabbits see the intake of food and drinking water, which has the effects of inhibiting gonadal development, promoting growth, reducing activities, avoiding biting, and improving feed utilization. (7) The pellet feed was tested by the author. The same feed formula, one made of powder, one pellet feed, has different fattening effect. In general, pelleted feeds can increase weight gain by 8% to 13% and feed utilization by more than 5%. (8) People have different opinions on whether they can eat and drink freely on a regular basis, or when they are fed less frequently, or if they let the rabbits eat enough. In the past, rabbits were traditionally adopted and the former was adopted. However, recent studies have shown that fattening rabbits can maintain a high growth rate by eating freely. As long as the feed is reasonable, it will not cause indigestion and overfeeding of the fattening rabbits. Free-feeding is suitable for feeding pelleted feeds. The powdered water-mixing method has many inconveniences in implementing free-feeding. In particular, mildew in the feed is not easy to solve. But the general principle is to ensure that fattening rabbits eat enough. Only eat more can be faster. (9) Control of diseases The main diseases during the fattening period are coccidiosis, diarrhea and enteritis, pasterellosis, and rabbit scabies. Coccidiosis is the main disease during the fattening period, especially in June-August. Take drug prevention, strengthen feeding management and do a good job in health work; diarrhea and enteritis are mainly in the reasonable mix of feed, crude fiber content, good diet hygiene and environmental health; prevention of pasterellosis on the one hand do a good job rabbit house The health and ventilation, strengthen the feeding and management, on the other hand in the disease-prone season, timely drug prevention; and then the regular injection of vaccine; rabbits can only be controlled by injection of vaccine. After weaning, each subcutaneous injection of 1 ml, can be slaughtered once. (10) The timing of slaughter at the right time depends on the breed, season, weight, and rabbit performance. Under normal circumstances, 2.5 kg can be slaughtered at 90 days of age. Large breeds, large bones, loose skin, rapid growth, but low meat yield, slaughter weight can be appropriately larger; medium-sized varieties of fine bones, full muscle, high meat yield, slaughter weight can be smaller, up to 2.25 More than kilograms can be; winter, low temperatures, high energy consumption, do not have to extend the fattening period, as long as the slaughter minimum weight can be achieved; other seasons, adequate green feed, the temperature is appropriate, rabbits grow faster, fattening benefits, can increase the weight of the slaughter When the rabbit population has basically reached the slaughter weight, and the environmental conditions deteriorate at this time (such as the spread of a variety of infectious diseases, prolong the fattening period has a greater risk), the fattening should be ended immediately.