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The new strains that sprouted in the perennial giant sprouted collaterals in April-May. In February of the following year, the wintering buds on the lateral shoots germinated, new shoots emerged, new leaves emerged, and budding blossomed gradually. Full flowering period in March-April. The fruit ripens in June and is orange-red or red and the fruit is sweet.
Sweet tea is a perennial plant, but branches on the ground can only live 2-3 years. Sweet tea is bred and renewed every spring by its perennial roots to prolong life. Therefore, as long as the sweet tea is grown once, the plants will be more and more, and the area will be expanded year by year, so that it can be harvested continuously for many years.
Second, the election site preparation Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places can be planted. However, when selecting specific sites, it depends on whether the local climate and geographical conditions meet the above-mentioned ecological environment.
Choose a hillside with a long back-to-the-west, long sunshine duration, and thick soil. Plowing over the winter to make the soil weathered and loose to reduce overwintering pests. In January, plough arable land, do not have to squat, along the slope to open a depth of 30 cm, a width of 50 cm drainage. The distance between the ditch is determined by the slope and the size of the rainfall, so as to ensure that there is no accumulation of water in the planting area. After the land is well-grounded, dig a hole by 150 cm x 150 cm. The hole is wide and 30 cm deep.
Third, breeding methods
1, the division breeding. From March to March, the young plants germinated on the roots of the mother plants were transplanted. At this time, the leaves of young plants have not yet been unfolded, but they have long fibrous roots. When digging, it is necessary to ensure that the young plants have about 10 cm long roots and relatively complete fibrous roots. The number of new plants obtained by this method is 3-5 times that of the parent plants.
2, rooted breeding. When the temperature rose in the spring, many prominent white adventitious buds appeared on the roots. Dig out the roots, cut into 10-15 cm long roots, and insert or immerse them in the sand bed. Half a month later, the root can grow into a young plant.
3, seed breeding. Harvested when the fruit matures orange-red or red, remove the seed and cover it with sand. Or broadcast seedbeds, spacing 20 cm, spacing 5-7 cm. Weeding after sowing. After the seeds grow 2 leaves, they are transplanted into the nutrition bag nursery. Nutrient soil is made of a mixture of farmyard manure, soil and turf ash. Watering and application of lighter fertilizers during seedling stage.
Fourth, the planting method according to row spacing of 1.5 meters x 1.5 meters digging pit, cast in the pit to farm fertilizer-based basal, 1O kilograms per pit. Then soil and fertilizer are mixed and the pit soil is 20 cm higher than the ground. Implantation of the young plant compaction, full of water. Seed propagation seedlings will not be planted in Daejeon until May.
V. Field Management
1, weeding weeding. Colonization and weeding were conducted four times in the first year after planting, once a month. The cultivator should be shallow so as not to damage the root system. The two-year-old plant cultivates and weeds twice a year, the first time in early May and the second time from the end of June to the beginning of July.
2, top dressing. The seedlings were topdressed three times in the same year. It is best to apply concentrated livestock and manure water, 1.5 kg per plant, in combination with cultivating and weeding. The 2-year-old plants chase and feed the livestock manure water twice a year for 3 kg each time. If farmyard fertilizer is lacking, compound fertilizer can be used for dry planting, but farmhouse fertilizer must be used for the last time to ensure the quality of sweet tea. If nitrogen fertilizer such as urea or sulfate is applied, the leaf taste of sweet tea can be easily reduced and the sweetness can be reduced.
3, watering. In addition to watering when planting, only normal rainwater can grow normally.
4, pick the top buds. Since there are only one grade of lateral branch in the current year's plant, the perennial plant also has only two secondary lateral branches, so the plant is in a thin state with few branches and leaves. To increase the yield, shoots should be picked to grow more lateral branches. Method: In the late April to early May when the lateral buds sprout, remove the top buds on the old branch, to promote the rapid growth of lateral buds, the formation of side branches, while weakening the growth momentum of the main branch, controlling the main branch height of 1.7 meters. For branches over 2 years old, when the primary branch length was 1.2 meters, the same method was used to remove the apical shoots of the lateral branches, which promoted multiple secondary lateral branches. By picking the shoots, the yield is increased.
Most of the origins of sweet tea are in the colder mountainous areas, and there are no serious pests and diseases.
Six, harvest processing
1, harvest. A cluster of sweet teas has plants that grow from the roots in the current year and also have plants that are two years old or older, and thus the leaf ripening time is not uniform. Should be harvested twice, the first time in June-July, plant leaves more than 2 years old have matured, the sugar content has reached a peak, can be harvested; the leaves of young plants that grow to that year will not mature until October , can be harvested at this time for the second time. Usually picked by hand.
2, processing. Fry the leaves into the pan and dry. It can also be sold directly after drying, and the manufacturer will perform the second processing according to its sales method.
Key points about sweet tea cultivation techniques
First, the growth characteristics of the sweet tea in the temperature of 2-3 months stable at 13 °C above the emergence of new shoots, and grow new strains on the perennial. Sweet tea is clustered, with a narrow canopy and more standing plants. In July, the temperature of high-altitude mountainous areas was about 25°C. When the low-altitude area was about 30°C, the plants stopped growing upwards. The branches and leaves were basically stereotyped, and they began to turn into the leaf nutrients accumulation period and the sugar conversion period. After November, the temperature dropped to 13-14 degrees Celsius, and the leaves gradually turned yellow, followed by the loss of yellow leaves. Overwinter mixed shoots were formed in most of the lateral branches of the lateral branches, and the plants entered hibernation.