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1 Turning crops and droughts to dry and flood rotation can both prevent and control soil diseases and weeds, and can prevent soil acidification and salinization. Such as winter winter vegetables, summer and autumn rice (greenhouse eggplant - single-season hybrid rice), due to long-term flooding of soil, soil diseases and grass can be effectively controlled, can also wash acid, water, salt, water It regulates microbial communities and controls soil acidification and salinization.
2 Dryland crop rotation in dryland can prevent or reduce pests and diseases of crops, because the bacteria that endanger certain vegetables may not harm other vegetables. Therefore, the same kind of vegetables should not be used together, and similar vegetables should not be used together. For example, solanaceous fruits, melons, beans, crucifers, onions and garlic, etc., should be rotated with other species, so that the pathogens can lose their hosts or change their lives. The environment can achieve the goal of reducing or eliminating pests and diseases, while at the same time improving soil structure and making full use of soil fertility and nutrients.
(2) Adding organic fertilizer
Increased organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, increase fertilizer retention, water retention, fertilizer supply, air permeability, temperature control, increase soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace element content, improve soil fertility efficiency and soil fertility, and reduce The loss of chemical fertilizers enhances the buffer capacity of the soil against acids and alkalis, improves the availability of insoluble phosphates and trace elements, eliminates pesticide residue and heavy metal pollution, promotes photosynthesis and improves the quality of vegetables.
(3) Flooded salt
After the harvest is completed, the pastoral area should be cleaned in time, and the summer and autumn rainy seasons should be used to remove the film and water. The dead leaves, fallen fruits, and weeds floating on the water should be collected and dried to reduce the concentration of salt and reduce the disease. Insect residue. The heavy salt in the greenhouse, the clod, irrigation of fresh water 4 to 6 cm deep, soak for 6 to 7 days, the water seepage into the deep, and promptly rule out the flooding, drying the field after the planting planting. Deep plowing methods can also be adopted to reduce the concentration of soil salinity. Generally, the depth of soil salt is about 25 cm deep. The upper and lower soils can be exchanged, and the combination of irrigation and salt washing can achieve better results.
(4) Reasonable application of NPK and scientific fertilizer application
Practice has proved that, if the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too high, the soil soluble salts and nitrates will obviously increase, the pests and diseases will be more serious, the yield will be reduced, and the quality will be deteriorated. Therefore, based on the application of organic fertilizer, a reasonable application of NPK fertilizer, soil testing and formulating fertilization, according to a variety of vegetable crops need fertilizer law and soil fertilizer supply capacity to determine the type and quantity of fertilizer to minimize soil barriers.
(5) Adjust the pH
According to the pH value of the soil, appropriate adjustment measures are taken to gradually reach or approach the range of neutral or partial acidity suitable for most vegetables. The first is to comprehensively promote the application of basic or physiological alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash, calcium magnesium phosphate, etc., to neutralize some of the acidity and increase the pH value of soils with a pH value of ≤6. The second is the use of 50 kg of lime per acre to neutralize acidity in a soil with a pH value of ≤ 5.5, and to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil. Third, for a few alkaline soils with a pH value of 7.5, an acidic fertilizer can be applied in an appropriate amount to make it close to or reach the neutral range.
(6) Use of weight loss agents
The use of heavy herbicide can promote the beneficial propagation of beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere of crops, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, reduce the accumulation of pathogens, regulate nutrient imbalance, acid-base imbalance, increase root activity, and increase resistance. Such as "continuous cropping" agent, each standard greenhouse (30 meters 6 meters) dosage of 500 grams, mix in fertilizer, according to conventional fertilization method for basal fertilizer or combined with cultivator applied to the crop roots and soil, can make the crop grow strong, effectively reversed Continuous obstacles to reduce the occurrence of severe caries and increase production.
Comprehensive Treatment of Continuous Crop Obstacles in Greenhouse Vegetables
(1) Promote rational crop rotation to reduce crop pest damage and acidification