Autumn Harvest Expert: Science and Technology Supports High Yield of Grain Yields

The grain of the whole year looks at the autumn grain, while the big head of the autumn grain is rice and corn. According to field surveys conducted by corn and rice experts of the Ministry of Agriculture, this year's maize and medium rice have increased the number of ears per mu, grains per spike, and grain weight per thousand (hundred). This year, the yield per unit of autumn grain is expected to be higher than last year, and the annual grain yield will create a new record. new highs. A few days ago, the reporter interviewed Zhao Jiuran, the chief scientist of the National Rice Industry Technical System Program and head of the corn expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, inviting them to explain the important role played by science and technology in grain production this year.

Policy, Market, Technology, Climate, Helping Total Production Renew a New Height

Reporter: Rice is the largest grain crop in China, accounting for nearly 40% of the total grain output of the year. As the largest crop area, corn has contributed more than 50% to the increase in grain output last year. Earlier this year, the recovery of rice production has been achieved, which has provided a good start to rice production throughout the year. Judging from the current situation, what is the increase in the production of rice and corn? What are the reasons for increasing production?

Program China: According to the National Rice Industry Technology System Research and Development Center, during the growth period of mid-late rice this year, the climate conditions in the main rice producing areas such as the northeast, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and South China are suitable, and the temperature and light resources are well matched, and the yield increase trend is obvious. If the climatic conditions are normal in the later period, it is expected that the increase in rice production in the whole year is expected to exceed 3%, which will set a record high. As the most productive and highest-yielding varieties of China's three major food crops, paddy rice has a high base and a large proportion, and rice yield increase is the basis and support for increasing grain production throughout the year. This year, the increase in rice production can be summed up in 8 words in 4 areas, namely “policy, market, technology, and climate”. The first two factors mainly affect the area, and the latter two factors mainly affect the yield.

Zhao Jiuran: The overall situation of China's corn production this year is good. The increase in total output over the previous year is basically a foregone conclusion. The reasons for the increase in total corn production are: first, the support of multiple preferential agricultural policies from the national and local governments, the establishment of high-yield demonstrations, the strong market demand, and the high price of corn. This year, the enthusiasm of farmers to grow corn is higher, and the corn planting area is stable compared to the previous year. There is a rise in the crop; the second is the increase in corn planting density (per mu), improved seed coverage, mechanized production rates, technology availability, and scientific and technological support. Third, the overall natural climatic conditions in the main maize producing areas are favorable for corn production. More adequate and timely, there has not been a wide range of drought, wind, etc.; Fourth, there is no large-scale serious disease epidemic in the main maize production areas.

Improved varieties, good practices, and mechanical support to improve overall yield

Reporter: In recent years, food production has been increasing year after year. One basic experience is technology support. In the production of rice and corn, the role of technology is mainly reflected in what aspects? What is the role of high-yield production in the production of food as an important way to promote technology integration?

Procedural China: Technology has played an important role in raising rice yields: First, high-yield and high-quality varieties have played a key role in increasing production. In the case where the rice farmers are older and have mastered scientific and technological capabilities, good varieties have become the most direct, most effective, and most significant factor in increasing rice yield, which is prominently reflected in the popularization and application of high-yield and high-quality varieties represented by super rice varieties. Year by year. Second, supporting integrated cultivation techniques to maximize the potential for variety production. Good species also requires good technology. In recent years, rice transplanting techniques represented by dry seedlings breeding, large and medium shed breeding, and concentrated seedling breeding, rice transplanting techniques represented by machine transplanting and transplanting, and fertilizer and water management techniques represented by precise quantitative measurement, and mechanized harvesting and other applicable technologies have been widely used. Promotion has promoted the production potential of varieties. The third is the supporting role of scientific and technological workers in disaster prevention and reduction, prevention and control of major pests and diseases. In recent years, the national rice industry technology system and super rice experts, as well as the provincial rice system and super rice promotion expert teams that have been established in succession, have become the main force in guiding rice production throughout the country and have played an important role in training rice farmers and promoting technology. effect.

Zhao Jiuran: The popularization and popularization of integrated key technologies such as "one increase and four reforms" of corn has played an important role in fully tapping the potential for increasing yield of maize and comprehensively increasing the yield per unit area of ​​corn. The first is a suitable maturity, high-yield, stable and high-quality maize variety. The proportion of the key technologies for increasing production, such as increasing densification of maize, deep soil loosening, timely and late harvesting, and full-film double-furrow planting, has been further expanded; in addition, the planting density has been further optimized, and soil testing and formula fertilization have been further optimized. The area and intensity continue to increase, the level of comprehensive mechanized operations has been further improved, and the progress of intercropping wheat fields in the Huanghe, Huai, Haixia and Maize areas has been accelerated.

Since the establishment of a high-yielding system to promote the establishment of a whole-system system, we have strengthened the popularization of high-yield and high-quality varieties through the unified supply of species; through the promotion of technologies such as high-density dense planting, plastic film coverage, and machine harvesting, we have strengthened the popularization of integrated supporting technologies, and explored various forms of services. The mechanism effectively increased the level of agricultural science and technology extension services.

Highly targeted technology solutions, technology services into the village

Reporter: This year, the Ministry of Agriculture organized a science and technology conference on grain stabilization and grain increase, 10,000 experts and 350,000 agricultural technicians to carry out full-year technological services throughout the year. From the beginning of spring plowing, the expert team promptly put forward technical guidance according to crops, regions, and agricultural time. How do the experts implement these guidelines into the fields and what technological services are carried out?

Zhao Jiuran: Focusing on the creation of high yields and the major problems in corn production, the corn expert group worked closely with the national corn industry technology system and local scientific and technological innovation teams to organize experts to inspect the production situation and technical needs of the main maize production areas. Based on this research, we will pool wisdom and scientifically formulate regional production guidance. Especially in the key aspects of corn production, experts are organized to timely conduct key research on the new situation and new features of corn production in various places, and provide technical guidance with strong pertinence and operability. In order to ensure that the production guidance is actually implemented in the field, the expert team will conduct on-site technical guidance in-depth in the field, and timely release it through the Ministry of Agriculture website, the “peasant daily” and other media.

Program China: Since the beginning of the year, experts in the rice industry technology system have actively carried out technical training in key seasons such as sowing, breeding, field management, and harvesting. So far, more than 100,000 rice farmers have been trained. During the key seasons of rice production, experts have set up technology service teams, walked villages and households, communicated face-to-face with rice farmers, and based on what they knew, provided field guidance, pest information, and disaster prevention and mitigation in quarters and seasons. More than 100 technical measures. According to incomplete statistics, more than 2,000 new varieties and new technology demonstration sites have been organized and implemented by the rice industry technical system and super rice experts in major rice production areas this year.

Technology increases grain, potential for variety innovation and technology integration

Reporter: China's rice production technology has always been at the leading level in the world. Has it been reflected in this year's rice production?

Program China: From the perspective of technology and its promotion, the highlights of this year's rice production are mainly two aspects: First, the promotion of super rice varieties. At present, 83 varieties of super rice have been identified by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the area for promotion is expected to increase by more than 10 million mu over the previous year. The second is the promotion and application of integrated technologies. In the northern rice region and other northern rice areas, the promotion of the main middle and large shed breeding techniques has effectively improved the quality of seedlings; in the southern rice area, the speed of technology promotion for machine transplanting has continued to accelerate and the quality of planting has been improved.

Reporter: In recent years, the yield and total output of corn have increased significantly. However, as a rain-fed dry crop, where is the potential for further production increase under the constraints of climate, farmland, and water resources? In this process, where is the focus of science and technology to increase production potential?

Zhao Jiuran: In the case where China's corn planting area is unlikely to increase significantly, raising the yield is the key to the acceleration of China's corn production and the increase of total output to ensure effective supply. The focus of science and technology to increase production potential is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, to intensify maize germplasm innovation, select and promote the production of safe and low-risk maize varieties, and further improve seed quality, especially germination rate and seeding quality, and achieve one-time planting. Miao Quan, Miao Lian, Miao Zhuang; Second, optimize and integrate a variety of drought- and water-saving agronomic measures, and vigorously carry out measures such as deep soil improvement, straw return, and organic fertilizer application to fertilize fertility, and further implement soil testing formulary and fertilization. The third is to further strengthen the research and demonstration of good seed support methods and regional cultivation models for high-yielding, stable-production, and tight-tolerance varieties, and to prevent varieties from being planted in different regions, promote timely and late harvest, and promote early maturing and early frost prevention technologies.