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Fish farming with betaine
Studies on the use of betaine as a fish attractant for fish farming have shown that fish consumption depends on the sense of smell and taste, in addition to relying on vision. Although the artificial diet fed in aquaculture has a full range of nutrients, it is not enough to cause appetite in aquatic animals. Betaine has a unique sweet taste and fish-sensitive umami taste, and is an ideal attractant. Foreign data reported that the addition of 0.5% to 1.5% betaine to fish feed has a strong stimulatory effect on the sense of smell and taste of all crustaceans such as fish and shrimps. Betaine has the functions of strong attracting power, improving feed palatability, shortening the intake time, promoting digestion and absorption, accelerating the growth of fish and shrimp, avoiding feed wastage and causing water pollution. 2. Relieve Stress Various stress responses severely affect the intake and growth of aquatic animals, reduce the survival rate, and even cause death. Adding betaine to feeds can help improve the state of decline in food intake in aquatic animals under conditions of disease or stress, maintain nutrient intake, and alleviate certain conditions or stress responses. Betaine helps the fish resist cold stress below 10°C and is an ideal feed additive for certain fish species during winter. 3. Regulation of osmotic pressure balance Betaine is a buffer substance for osmotic pressure surges and can be used as a cell osmotic protection agent, can increase the tolerance of biological cells to drought, high humidity, high salt and hyperosmotic environment, and prevent the loss of cell moisture. And the entry of salts, improve the Na-K pump function of the cell membrane, stabilize the enzyme activity and the function of biological macromolecules to regulate the osmotic pressure and ion balance of tissue cells, maintain the nutrient absorption function, and increase the tolerability of osmotic pressure of fish, shrimp, etc. , improve the survival rate. The high concentration of inorganic salts in seawater is not conducive to the growth and survival of fish. Adding 1.5% betaine to the diet can reduce the water content in the muscle of the freshwater fish, delay the aging of the fish, and increase the concentration of inorganic salt in the water (such as seawater), which helps maintain the balance of electrolytes and osmotic pressure of the fish, so that the freshwater fish Smooth transition to seawater environment is achieved; betaine is beneficial to marine organisms to maintain lower salt concentration in the body, continuously replenish water, exert osmoregulation, and enable freshwater fish to adapt to the seawater environment. 4. Partial replacement of choline choline is an essential nutrient for animals. It can provide the body with methyl groups and participate in metabolic reactions. In recent years, it has been found that betaine can also provide a methyl group for the body. Betaine provides a methylation efficiency of 2-3 times that of choline chloride and is a more effective methyl donor. Most scholars believe that a certain amount of betaine can be added instead of some choline in aquatic feeds. 5, to improve the production performance of betaine through the role of food, can promote the growth of fish and shrimp, enhance resistance to disease and immunity, improve the survival rate and feed conversion rate. 6. Prevention of fatty liver betaine can improve the oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria of cells, and significantly increase the content of long-chain acyl-carnitine in muscle and liver, and the proportion of long-chain acylcarnitine and free carnitine, promote lipolysis, and reduce Liver and body fat deposition, promote protein synthesis, redistribute carcass fat, reduce the incidence of fatty liver.