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Hangwei Orthopedics Medical is a specialty medical device company that develops and markets products primarily for the Orthopedics. Since 1997, more than 20 years experience behind us, Our company has a sound quality control system and advanced processing and testing equipment, with Germany DMG, the US HAAS 5-axis processing centers and other top brand processing machines.
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Efficient cultivation techniques of bitter gourd grafting
In recent years, due to the frequent replanting of vegetables in vegetable production bases, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases has become increasingly serious. Blight of bitter gourd occurs more commonly and often causes devastating losses to the bitter gourd production at the vegetable base. The general incidence of Bitterweed wilt disease is 10%-50%, and some fields even reach 100%, which seriously affects their yields and benefits, causing the farmers to plant cultivation enthusiasm and causing a sharp drop in planting area. Grafting cultivation technology of bitter gourd is applied in production. Generally, the mortality rate of grafting cultivation is 1%-3%, which basically overcomes the continuous cropping obstacles of cuttings and effectively prevents the damage of wilt disease. Generally, the yield per mu is increased by 20%-60%. This technology can also be applied to other vegetables such as watermelons, eggplants, cucumbers and other crops to create conditions for the pollution-free production and sustainable development of vegetables, especially melons, and has broad application prospects in production. First, select suitable rootstocks and scion varieties to select good affinity, strong resistance to the melon varieties as rootstock, the current black-skinned pumpkin in Yunnan and local millstone pumpkin is appropriate; scion varieties are generally selected local varieties, such as Zigong City Agriculture The "Rendou Bitter Gourd No. 1", cannabis bitter gourd, and local white bitter gourd were selected for the education of the family. Second, soaking treatment, preparation of nutrient soil, appropriate sowing 1, soaking treatment: before sowing will be selected good variety of balsam pear shell broken, be careful not to injure the kernel. Then the bitter gourd and pumpkin seeds were soaked in warm water and soaked in hot water at 55-60°C, stirring continuously to make the seeds evenly heated. After 10-20 minutes, until the water temperature drops to about 30%, soaking is continued. Bitter gourd seeds are generally soaked for 8-10 hours. The pumpkin seeds are soaked for 8 hours. Then the mucus is washed off with clean water, soaked and then picked up, tiled in a porcelain plate. Cover it with a double damp cloth and place it in a 28-32°C incubator to germinate. If no thermostat can be used to heat the blankets to germinate, during which the seeds should be taken out and washed 1-2 times a day, to wash off the liquid, promote germination, seed germination can be sown. 2, preparation of nutritious soil: pumpkin seedlings must be used to grow seedlings, nutrient soil preparation is not the years of melon field soil and decomposed manure or compost, according to the ratio of 3:1 mixed, add nutrition per cubic meter of soil 50 kg of human and animal dung and 1.0 kg of superphosphate, mixed with 40% formalin 50 times or 100 g carbendazim or 200 g chlorothalonil, and the membranes cover the boring for 10-15 days, allowing it to fully ferment After disinfection, spread and dry for 5-7 days and put it in a bowl. Bitter gourd sowing seedlings must adopt pure land in order to prevent infection and disease at seedling stage. 3. Appropriate sowing: According to the climate characteristics of many years and the cultivation habits of farmers in Zigong City, sowing is generally preferred before the convulsions. If seedlings are planted in advance, electric or hot bed or nursery shall be used for seedling raising. Generally pumpkins should be planted 3-5 days earlier than bitter gourd. . Third, timely grafting, to strengthen the management of grafted seedlings When the pumpkin grows true (heart) leaves, bitter gourd seedlings grow to the leaf when they can be grafted. Cloudy, windless and humid weather are the most suitable for grafting. Before grafting, the nursery should be properly watered. Grafting method using the top plug and needle grafting method. For the top plugging method, two small bamboo sticks measuring 8 centimeters long, 0.5 centimeters wide, and 0.25 centimeters thick are prepared. Cut one end of the bamboo stick with a small incline of about 1 centimeter. When grafting, cut the true leaves of the pumpkin with a grafting blade and then The cotyledon top and cotyledons are inserted obliquely in the same direction. The embryonic axes of the bitter gourd are cut into wedge shapes. The bamboo sticks inserted in the rootstock are pulled out. The embryonic axis of the bitter gourd is inserted into the section of the pumpkin and should be kept as far as possible. Finally the graft is used. Clip fixed. Needle grafting means that the true leaves of the pumpkin are first trimmed and flattened with a grafting blade, and then the hypocotyls of the bitter gourd are cut off. Then, one end of a grafting needle is inserted into the embryonic axis of the bitter gourd, and the other end is inserted into the pumpkin with the true leaves removed. The tip of the seedling leaves requires that the plane of the embryonic axis of the bitter gourd seedlings be as close as possible to the plane of the top of the seedlings of the pumpkin seedlings, and finally be fixed with a grafting clip. When grafting, the grafted edge covers, and after grafting, it is covered with a black film for shading treatment. After 1-3 days, it is necessary to cover shading, heat preservation and moisturizing all day, then shading every day from 10am to 3pm depending on the weather, and light transmission for the rest of the day. The temperature in the small arch canopy is controlled at 32°C during the day and 20°C during the night. The humidity is controlled at about 90%. See the light all day after 7 days, and gradually reduce the temperature and cool the seedlings. The temperature should be maintained at 25°C during the day and 15% at night. After grafting for 10-15 days, the grafting clips were removed and managed as a general seedbed. Grafting seedlings in time after the survival of the buds to remove the rootstock. Fourth, planting and field management 1, Shizu base fertilizer, appropriate dense planting: in combination with ploughing soil preparation, 3000-3500 kg of livestock manure per acre, 70 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, and then rake. The cultivation of small sorghum was covered with film, and 1.2-1.5 meters in the ditch was planted in a row with a spacing of 33 cm. Grafting seedlings when the leaves can be colonized when 4-6, when planting to select the full survival of seedlings to ensure that the plant growth after planting tidy and consistent, planting grafted seedlings must expose the grafting interface 1-3 cm. 2, to strengthen field management (1) fertilizer and water management: bitter gourd growth should be thin fertilizer before the application, the early flower to harvest time should be enough fertilizer, and fertilizer several times. In combination with top-dressing during the high-temperature and dry seasons, it is also necessary to add water in a timely manner to meet the need for continuous growth and fruiting of bitter gourd. (2) The introduction of vines on shelves: Bitter gourd should be promptly inserted after vines are vines. Generally, fences or ergonomic stands are preferred. When vines are grown at a length of about 30 cm, artificial vines are tied, and after 4-5 vines, vines are tied once. . After the first female flower appears in the main vine, leave 2-3 lateral branches per plant. The grafted seedlings of bitter gourd have a strong growth potential and should be properly pruned in the early stage and no longer pruned in the middle and late stages. However, the fine and weak lateral branches, yellow leaves, diseased leaves and leggy shoots must be cut off in order to facilitate ventilation and improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality. . (3) Artificial pollination: Select 8-10 o'clock in the morning at warm and sunny weather. Use male flowers that have been stripped off of the corolla to be applied to the head of the female stigma to facilitate fruit setting. (4) Timely control of pests and diseases: although bitter gourd grafted seedlings are lighter, pests and diseases need to be prevented and treated as soon as possible. Can be used Dasheng M-45 mixed metalaxyl or mildew prevention and control of downy mildew, with Dasheng M-45 mixed fast-king or Shijiale to control gray mold; with agricultural farms, or anti-swollen decoction to control maggots and so on. Fifth, picking and market: bitter gourd should be timely harvesting tender vines, especially in greenhouse pre-mature cultivation of multi-film cover more timely harvesting and listing. When the melons are fully grown, the burr-like nodules protrude, and when the top of the fruit begins to shine, they must be harvested to ensure the quality of the bitter gourd and increase the rate of results.