Common Mistakes in Crop Fertilization and Prevention

When we investigate agricultural production in rural areas, we often meet with some farmers' friends who report problems with the fertilization of crops. The crops involved are rice, cotton, vegetables, fruit trees, etc., and their performance is different, and some crops are rotten after sowing. Some of them are dead seedlings after emergence. Some of them are stagnant during the growth and development of crops. Some crops are fast and prosperous and even grow wild. Some of them cause diseases or insect pests. Farmers cannot figure out what the reasons are, and they hope the agricultural technology department will give guidance. After many years of extensive investigation and analysis, some of the farmers are arbitrarily increasing the amount of fertilizers for the purpose of seizing high crop yields, resulting in fertilizer damage.

Judging from the manifestations of the damage, there are generally the following aspects.

The first is the excessive concentration of fertilizer. In general, the amount of fertilizer required for vegetables is larger than that of crops such as grain, cotton, oil, etc., but the demand is also limited. If blind investment, such as the concentration of salt in soil solution reaches 3000 mg/kg water, it will make vegetables. Reverse osmosis occurs and physiological drought occurs, causing vegetables to burn. Another example is the over-fertilization of grain and cotton crops. Light nutrition grows too fast, prosperous growth or madness grows, and severe disease causes pests and diseases. For example, rice and other gramineous crops require less boron and are less sensitive to boron. If the boron content in the aqueous solution exceeds 1 mg/kg, the rice plants will show symptoms of boron poisoning.

The second is toxic gas damage. In the field crops, there are few gas poisoning symptoms, and poisoning occurs when vegetables are grown in greenhouses. For example, some farmers use too much bio-organic compound fertilizer in greenhouse vegetables, or have not cooked farm organic fertilizer; some use high levels of ammonium phosphate or ammonium chloride, will produce ammonia in the conversion process, When the ammonia concentration in the shed exceeds 5%, damage will occur to the vegetable leaves.

The third is the damage caused by improper fertilization. Some farmers believe that the more they fertilize near Daejeon crops or the roots of vegetables, the faster the fertilizer will be absorbed. Therefore, when fertilizing the roots, they will open the ditch or apply acupuncture points. As a result, the roots with the most active roots will be burned; Farmers will use cotton seed dressing with calcium superphosphate, overnight sowing, cottonseed embryo erosion by rot; Some farmers in cotton seedling nursery, urea alone as a base fertilizer, cotton seed will also be rot.

The fourth is the harm caused by imbalanced fertilization. When an excessive amount of a certain nutrient element is used, it inhibits the action of another element. For example, when an excessive amount of phosphorus or potassium is used, an antagonistic effect will be produced.

In order to prevent crop damage caused by improper fertilization affecting yield and quality, it is necessary to grasp the following points in fertilization techniques.

First, apply soil survey results to improve the level of balanced fertilization. Different soil nutrient status is not the same, according to the local soil survey data, lack of nitrogen and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium phosphorus, potassium for the fertility to provide full-yuan fertilizer.

Second, increase organic fertilizers to increase soil fertility levels. In addition to the nutrient content, the soil fertility needs good moisture, temperature, and ventilation, as well as the ability to retain fertilizer and fertilizer. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer is the basis for improving soil fertility.

Third, use granular slow-release fertilizers to provide nutrients. Granular fertilizers, especially multi-particulate fertilizers mainly composed of organic matter and slow-release fertilizers, have a transformation process for the release of nutrients, thus avoiding or reducing fertilizer damage.

Fourth, the fertilizer was applied throughout and fertilization was conducted within the time limit. The absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops have their own laws, which require fertilizers to be applied in stages and fertilize on demand.

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